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Central Asian Economic Review

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No 1 (2020)
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STATE REGULATION OF BUSINESS

8-21 440
Abstract

The purpose is to study the issues and main directions of state support and regulation of entrepreneurship in terms of factors affecting the development of productive and rational employment of the population in Kazakhstan, the study of some aspects of entrepreneurial education.
Research methodology. Used methods of macroeconomic analysis, statistical and graphical methods of economic research, a institutional analysis are used. The methodological basis of the study was the Concept of state regulation of entrepreneurship until 2020, State programs in the field of support and development of entrepreneurship and SMEs, in the field of employment, data from the Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Originality /value of research. The research focus was on the consideration of topical issues and directions of state support and regulation of entrepreneurship, from the point of view of exogenous factors of the macroeconomic policy of the state, affectting the development of entrepreneurship, employment and solving unemployment problems.
Research results. State support of entrepreneurship has a powerful regulatory impact not only on the development of entrepreneurship and its business activity, but, above all, it is a necessary tool for maintaining and developing productive employment of people, rational employment of the population of both macroregions and the country as a whole.

21-32 709
Abstract

Purpose of research – to investigate the current development trends of transfer pricing state regulation system in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to consider the prospects for system improvement.
Methodology. Comparative analysis of foreign and Kazakh approaches to control transfer pricing. Assessment of best practices based on the analysis of normative documents, statistical data, scientific publications, materials of seminars and conferences.
Originality /value of research. The author examines the basic approaches of transfer pricing regulation in the world practice and in the Republic of Kazakhstan, analyzes the specifics of legal regulation of the researched sphere in Kazakhstan. On the basis of the analysis recommendations on optimization of state regulation and control are developed.
Research results. The existing regulatory framework of transfer pricing and the practice of its application in Kazakhstan do not contribute to increasing the initiative of business, do not stimulate foreign economic activity, restrain the inflow of foreign investments and modern technologies into the country. It is necessary to change the approaches to regulation at the basic level and focus it on building partnerships between the state and business. One of the key tasks is to harmonize the norms of domestic legislation with the generally accepted international principles of regulation.

33-43 1333
Abstract

Purpose of research. Introduction of a new element of quality in higher education sector and highlight important aspects of quality culture in quality management.
Research methodology. An analysis of the existing body of literature related to quality, culture and quality culture.
Originality /value of research of the paper is that it can serve as a theoretical guideline for regional academics, scholars and university managers to formulate their quality management processes in accordance with existing quality culture or to reshape their organizations bringing new aspects of quality culture.
Research results. The authors reach the conclusion that, in order to have real quality in higher education, it is important to introduce a quality culture and to constantly improve it taking into consideration both cultural/psychological element and structural/managerial element of quality culture.

SOCIAL ECONOMY

44-55 366
Abstract

Purpose of the research is the effectiveness and features of management of social facilities in rural areas.
Methodology. Content analysis of existing modern sources for the development of systems, (b) systematization of data, comparative and logical analysis, generalization, (c) statistical analysis of the dynamics of social indicators, (d) empirical research by survey. Particular methods of economic cognition were also used: questioning and the method of focus groups, economic and statistical groupings, comparative method, methods of expert assessments, analogies, mathematical statistics, economic and mathematical, etc.
Originality /value of research. Of the article is to analyze and identify the features of managing objects in the social sphere of the village. According to the study, it was found that the number of rural localities in Kazakhstan can be divided into three equal groups, and a special position is occupied by the most urbanized Mangistau region.
Research results. The success of the movement to the development of social infrastructure of villages largely depends not only on the solution of resource problems, but also on the effectiveness of local government and the activities of non-governmental organizations.

55-65 350
Abstract

In recent years, unemployment and poverty has been raised more frequently. In this regard, the importance of decent work for the well-being of the country's citizens is very high. Based on this, the article considers the problems of employment of persons with disabilities. An important role in achieving decent work for people with disabilities is played by intensive use of their potential as the basis on which the sustainable development of the country's economy is built. In this regard, there is a growing need to develop employment, which should be based on state regulation of building relationships between employers and people with disabilities.
The purpose of the article is to study and theoretical generalization of these economic indicators of developed countries and to analyze the system of building management activities as well as to specify measures for the development of employment in Kazakhstan.
Research methodology. Methods of comparative analysis, observation, identification of problems and search for their solutions.
Findings of the study is the possibility of overcoming the difficulties associated with employment and paying attention to the availability of their implementation. The need to develop an inclusive labor market program to remove barriers that prevent people with disabilities from accessing decent work and to promote economic and social development.

65-72 411
Abstract

Purpose of research is to identify changes in the labor market as a result of technological updates. Public administration mechanism for the professional retraining of unemployed citizens in Kazakhstan in the digital economy.
Methodology. Statistical analysis, identification of problems and methods of their solution are applied. The paper considers changes in the labor market and indicators of retraining of the unemployed. Professions and skills that are in demand on the market are analyzed. We also analyze the mechanisms of state management of labor training.
Research results. In accordance with the results of the study, it was found that the importance of being guided by the requirements of the digital economy is important when retraining unemployed citizens and for identifying professions and skills that are in demand on the market. We are making proposals to improve the mechanisms of state employment management.

73-87 597
Abstract

Purpose of research. To analyze and evaluate cash incomes and expenses of the population in order to monitor the process of changing the standard of living of citizens for the development and implementation of state programs of social development aimed at improving the quality of life.
Research methodology. Complex analysis, systems approach, statistical research method.
Originality / value of research. The article analyzes the incomes and expenditures of the population in order to further improve the mechanism for calculating the forecast values of the standard of living of citizens.
Research results. Compared with a resident of Kazakhstan, a resident of East Kazakhstan region produces a larger volume of expenses, while the share of paid services and costs of non-food items is lower. This conclusion indicates that a resident of East Kazakhstan region forms a large share of expenses due to the purchase of food products and, above all, food.

87-99 609
Abstract

The purpose of research. Paper is to study the labor market in Kazakhstan in the regional context using cluster analysis methods and identify the peculiarities of the situation at the labor market of country’s territorial units in order to define the impact of a set of specific factors on unemployment.
Methodology. The method used to create clusters of objects (across 17 territorial units of Kazakhstan) is cluster analysis in combination with quantitative method of correlation and regression analysis. A segmentation of regions is observed for the years of 2014 to 2019, based on selected indicators of the labor market situation. The data collected from the databases of the official statistical information of the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of Kazakhstan.
Originality / value of the research. The current state of the labor market in regions of Kazakhstan (14 regions and 3 cities of national importance) is analyzed, and a system of statistical indicators that influence the state and development of this market is formed. Based on the obtained results, a differentiated approach of developing measures was proposed in order to reduce the unemployment in the country.
Research results. The main results obtained include: The author carried out the clustering of regions of Kazakhstan by the level of labor market development using the method of cluster analysis. According to the results of multidimensional grouping, 3 clusters were obtained, which characterize the specifics of the economic situation of the labor market in the cities and regions of the country. The results of the calculations performed are presented, and the main measures and directions are proposed to reduce unemployment.

100-110 432
Abstract

Purpose – to identify and analyze person-organization fit through appropriate human resource management practices.
Methodology. Systematic approaches, inductive and deductive methods, comparative analysis methods were used in this research concerning organization and employee relations.
Originality /value of research. Reccomendations on creating and improving a “positive work environment” within the organization through the efficient use of human resource management practices solve the issues of person-organization fit.
Research results. Application of human resources management practices, such as an effective recruitment system, training programs, fair productivity management practices and a well-established career management system, helps to develop and enhance the employee’s qualifications and competencies.

INVESTMENT, FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING

111-123 426
Abstract

The purpose of the study is the formation of conceptual aspects of this promising reporting model.
Research methodology. The study used a wide methodological toolkit of economic science. In particular, methods of normative and system analysis and scenario building.
Originality /value of research. The article discusses the current understanding of integrated reporting and substantiates the need for its compilation by organizations. The needs of stakeholders in the transparency of the organization's results allow us to consider integrated reporting as a priority form of corporate reporting. Integrated reporting is a tool that ensures effective interaction of organizations with financial markets and a wide range of stakeholders. The goals and objectives of integrated reporting are considered as a multidimensional measuring approach to controlling the creation of values, the problems of forming integrated reporting, the basic principles and components of integrated reporting are identified as integral elements of the corporate reporting model.
Research results. As a result, the concept of “integrated reporting” is clarified, a characteristic of comparing financial and integrated reporting, their advantages and disadvantages are obtained, the basic principles and components of integrated reporting are identified as integral elements of the corporate reporting model.

123-134 346
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to prove impact of institutional factors on attracting foreign direct investment, which is important only for countries where Gross National Income per capita exceeds the level above average.
Methodology. Аuthors developed and used a methodology that determines limited development level of the state, which can be taken into account when an investor makes a decision to invest in a particular country.
The оriginality /value of research reveals that the institutional environment in attracting FDI will increase if recipient country will exceed limited level of economic. In other words, for Less developed countries, institutional factors do not affect FDI inflows.
Research results. The study proved that institutional factors only affect FDI when a country's gross national income is higher than average. Consequently, institutional changes undertaken to attract FDI were determined to be appropriate if recipient country's Gross National Income per capita exceeds a certain limit.

135-146 1606
Abstract

Purpose of research. to identify the reasons for the rapid development of financial technologies in modern conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and show the most promising innovative products in the modern financial market.
Research methodology. The author used the historical-logical method, the visualization method, statistical and formal-logical methods.
Originality /value of research. The article describes key financial technologies, basic financial products and services. The author also presented financial technologies as a certain type of access to various financial instruments, the classification of which is visually presented. The analysis of the distribution of investments in the fintech industry in 2018-2019 is carried out depending on the sphere of activity of companies in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Research results. During the study, the author revealed big data as the most popular financial technology and blockchain technology as the least popular financial technology on the Kazakhstan market.
Findings. Emphasis is placed on the importance for Kazakhstan of investing in innovative financial projects, the essence of such a desire to develop this sphere is revealed.

146-156 361
Abstract

Purpose of research. In many countries, the problem of financing health care has become more acute in the post-crisis environment. Kazakhstan is no exception, and the domestic health care system is forced to function in conditions of constant lack of financial resources, despite the growth of state funding for medical organizations. The lack of resources leads to the search for effective management of them. Find possible solutions to the issues of implementation of management accounting in medical organizations that arise in employees of accounting and economic services.
Research methodology. The study used methods of deduction, analysis and synthesis.
Originality /value of research. The author of the article sees another way-to popularize this type of accounting, explain its significance and usefulness to practitioners working in the health care system, as well as provide theoretical and methodological assistance to accountants when controversial and complex issues arise in this area.
Research results. Thus, this article identifies existing problems associated with the introduction and development of management accounting in medical organizations, and suggests ways to solve them.

156-171 688
Abstract

Purpose of research. The article presents possible ways to address these issues in order to improve the efficiency of the bank. The target risk management system helps to solve these problems.The proposed article focuses on the risk management in the banking sector. Based on this, the substance of the risk is identified, the main causes of uncertainty that lead to risk are identified, the main risk management objectives are identified and the risk management process is considered.
Methodology. Mechanisms of the bank's risk protection that consists of current bank risk management system andways to minimize it, methods of risk management were considered. Analysis was made using models and based on statistical data.
Originality / value of the research. The author paid special attention to risk management, consideration of bank risks, and identification of their particular features closely related to banking activities. Comparative analysis of basic risk assessment standards was conducted.
Research results. Possible consequences of risk mitigation in the banking system of Kazakhstan are analyzed and it will be given a special focus on the key issues encountered in this area. Criteria for evaluating other types of risk and methods of their regulation are described.

172-187 537
Abstract

The article discusses the strategic management of second-tier banks in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the globalization of the economy, including the globalization of the banking sector. In modern conditions, an important task for Kazakhstan banks is to increase competitiveness, which is based both on financial stability and on the development of products for customers.
Purpose of research. The article discusses the strategic management of second-tier banks in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the globalization of the economy, including the globalization of the banking sector. In modern conditions, an important task for Kazakhstan banks is to increase competitiveness, which is based both on financial stability and on the development of products for customers.
The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends and problems of strategic management of Kazakhstan banks, proposal of directions for the strategic development of banks with national capital in modern conditions.
Methodology. Аnalysis of key indicators of the banking sector development (current state and dynamics), international best practices in developing products and services for customers, the possibility of applying this experience in Kazakhstan.
The originality / value of the work lies in the development of recommendations for banks with Kazakhstani capital on developing a strategy aimed at leadership in the industry in the country.
Conclusions: at present, Kazakhstani banks do not fully use the opportunities for the development of modern financial technologies, and also have problems with credit risks and a high level of overdue loans. Improving risk management and developing financial technologies based on the Internet and automation is relevant for their development strategies.

ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL MARKETS

188-201 404
Abstract

The purpose of the study is to assessment of socio-cultural sustainability in the production and consumption of typical agricultural products and to study the traditions and issues of preserving the knowledge about the products and food culture of Kazakhstan.
Research methodology. The article is based on the analysis of information on preserving the traditions of the national Kazakh cuisine and assessing the sustainability of food systems, official statistics, research results, information provided in the media are used. The authors conducted and analyzed the results of surveys and interviews with various target groups.
Originality / value of research. Sustainability of production and consumption of typical agricultural products is considered in article from the point of view of the four most important components: socio-cultural development, healthy nutrition, economy and the environment.
Research results. The study examined and structured various indicators, criteria and methods for assessing the sustainability of food systems, production and distribution of typical agricultural products. The results of assessing the socio-cultural stability of peasant farms in Kazakhstan on the example of Zhambyl region are presented. Various factors that influence their sustainability, implementation of innovative solutions in management and technology are studied.

201-214 2699
Abstract

Today, the share of the food industry in Kazakhstan accounts for more than half of the country's food turnover, since the main task is not only to saturate the food market, but also to provide employment for the population.
The purpose of the research is to determine the current state of the country's food industry.
Research methodology we used methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical and factor analysis, on the basis of which the assessment of the state of the food industry was made.
The originality of the work consists in the study of the features of the current state of the food industry in Kazakhstan, which is insufficiently studied and presented in official publications. The article presents the characteristics of the food industry. The research was related to the analysis of the current state of the food industry in Kazakhstan, which are relevant and important for the economic security of the country and the preservation of public health.
Research results. According to the research results, conclusions are presented that reflect the problems and prospects for diversifying the production of food and related products.



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ISSN 2789-4398 (Print)
ISSN 2789-4401 (Online)