Purpose of the research. The methods and criteria for comprehensively assessing the effectiveness of a country's economic integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) can be identified. Three main methods for evaluating the effectiveness of economic integration within the EAEU can be distinguished. The first method is the method of trade integration among EAEU member states, which assesses the dynamics, structure, and volumes of mutual trade between the countries of the union. The second method is the method of assessing the effectiveness of economic integration based on a set of strategic priorities for economic development. The third method is the method of national competitiveness, which evaluates how participation in the EAEU affects the overall competitiveness of the national economy. Despite the fact that certain aspects of evaluation, such as competitiveness analysis, are universal, these methods will require adaptation for countries outside the EAEU. This is due to differences in the specifics of regional cooperation (e.g., in the EU or ASEAN) and integration mechanisms (such as currency or customs unions with varying regulations). Thus, the proposed methods can be developed with consideration for the specifics of the EAEU, but with some adaptation, they could also be used to assess integration in other unions.

Methodology. A variety of methods were used in the course of the study: macroeconomic analysis, comparative analysis of national economic models, econometric modeling, and a comprehensive approach to assessing the achievement of economic benefits, stability, and competitiveness of the country within the framework of the EAEU. A literature review of academic works on the topic of the study was conducted, which allowed for an examination of Kazakhstan's role in the development of trade and economic relations between the member states of the EAEU.

Originality / value. The originality and value of the study lie in examining the impact of global and regional integration on Kazakhstan's economic stability and development, considering the changes in the country's economy since its accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). This provides insights into the effectiveness of the integration and helps identify future development vectors for Kazakhstan, based on improving trade relations and strengthening economic ties among EAEU member states.

Findings. Key indicators contributing to the economic benefits, stability, and competitiveness of a country within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) have been identified. It was revealed that Kazakhstan's active participation in the EAEU contributes to the more effective functioning of the national economy through the even distribution of benefits between member countries, the creation of conditions for integration in specific sectors, the elimination of barriers to the free movement of goods and services, the increase in investments, and the development of the most competitive sectors of Kazakhstan's economy. Practical recommendations have been provided aimed at establishing trusting trade and economic relations between the EAEU member states and further increasing the EAEU's economic growth rates in the long term. The role of Kazakhstan as a reliable player on the Eurasian continent (including Western and Eastern Europe, as well as other regions of Asia that are not part of the EAEU) has been substantiated, highlighting its contribution to creating conditions for the development of the Union's internal market and expanding its export potential, considering the country's transport and logistics capabilities.

Purpose of the research – The research aims to analyze the current state of the lending market for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with a focus on the microfinance segment, and to identify the strategies banks employ to strengthen and expand their relationships with this sector. This study explores key trends in SME lending and microcredit, along with the critical factors that affect SMEs' access to financial resources.

Methodology – The research was conducted using economic and statistical analysis methods, graphical analysis, as well as descriptive and synthesis techniques. Data sources included official statistics from the First Credit Bureau, World Bank reports, analytical reviews from consulting firms and financial institutions, and academic studies by both Kazakhstani and international scholars. Additionally, materials from scientific and industry conferences were reviewed to enrich the analysis.

Originality / value – The authors conducted an in-depth analysis of the corporate lending market and examined innovative approaches for creating new business models tailored to the SME segment, with a particular focus on microfinance. Emphasis is placed on modern solutions such as digital transformation and ecosystem models, which enhance access to financial resources and foster sustainable, long-term growth for SMEs.

Findings – Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of the current state of Kazakhstan’s SME microfinance market, the authors have identified key development trends and offered projections for its future growth trajectory.

Purpose of the research. Understanding and fostering work resilience of teaching professionals is imperative for their well-being and work effectiveness. However, the lack of comprehensive review articles on teacher work resilience highlights a significant gap in existing scientific literature, emphasizing the need for systematic synthesis and analysis of current research. Therefore, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the collection of knowledge on teacher resilience and ensures a thorough understanding of its critical aspects for educators' well-being and professional excellence.

Methodology. To reach this goal, the article implemented a methodology of systematic search and thematic synthesis of topics.

Originality / value of the research is a synthesis of current knowledge on the topic of teacher resilience, which as not previously investigated. The article contributes a holistic understanding of teacher resilience, identifies research gaps, and proposes future directions for inquiry.

Findings. The results serve as a roadmap for scholars, encouraging further exploration into nuanced aspects of teacher resilience, thus contributing to the current scholarly discourse.  

The purpose of the study. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the use of personnel in the industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of economic activities for 2017-2023, according to official statistics, to develop a system of indicators for assessing the use of labor, as well as to substantiate and prove the possibility of its practical application in the economy.

Research methodology. Formal logic methods such as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, abstraction, as well as empirical methods such as measurement, comparison, and comparison were used to conduct the research and write the article. They were used to form a system of indicators of labor use and evaluate its effectiveness, to obtain a generalized idea of achieving their level in the branches of Kazakh industry, to analyze, highlight and record facts, positive and negative dynamics, and prevailing trends over a five-year period. Statistical methods of economic analysis, namely statistical observation, the method of groupings, dynamic series, index and graphical methods, were used to logically substantiate the problem under study and obtain quantitative characteristics.

Originality / value of the research. The article analyzes the scientific works of researchers on the diagnosis of labor indicators of business structures and it was revealed that management often acts intuitively, since a unified approach to labor use indicators has not yet been developed. The authors have streamlined the system of indicators of the use of human capital. Such an approach will make it much easier to evaluate the work of personnel and systematize the results of the assessment, respectively, to make management decisions to improve their activities.

The results of the study. The authors conducted a comprehensive assessment of the use of labor indicators in the industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan and systematized the indicators, highlighting the actual indicators of the use of labor resources and indicators of their effectiveness. All the proposed indicators are relative, and the performance indicators are based strictly on the ratio of labor costs and results. Such an analysis makes it possible for business entities to comprehensively and objectively diagnose and evaluate the effectiveness of labor use based on comparison with established industry averages.

The aim of the study is to consider the complex situation of the Kazakhstani labor market, characterized by hidden unemployment, gender inequality and analysis of the factors contributing to this phenomenon, emphasizing the need for a broader understanding of the dynamics of the labor market and the development of recommendations for activating this hidden labor force.

The research methods used in this article are based on the collection and analysis of economic information, inductive methods, as well as statistical observations and comparison of the results obtained.

Originality / Scientific value. The scientific value of this study is in recognizing the existence of hidden unemployment, gender inequality and untapped potential for self-employment in Kazakhstan, developing recommendations for the use of a multifaceted approach to eliminate the gender gap in unemployment, including combating gender stereotypes, strengthening social protection systems for women.

In the process of collecting and analyzing information the results of the study identify the existence of hidden unemployment and underemployment, a significant gender gap, the possibility of providing access to quality education and vocational training programs for the self-employed population.

Purpose of the study: it is not enough to assess the level of poverty of the population in the regions only with the lowest subsistence minimum, and it does not reflect the real situation. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the level of poverty through a multifactorial assessment based on several aspects in the regions and to make recommendations on combating poverty taking into account the characteristics of each region.

Methodology: in this study, we study and assess the level of poverty in the regions of Kazakhstan based on the methodology of multidimensional assessment. This is due to the fact that the index assessment methodology also takes into account non - financial data-increases the reliability of the assessment. We compiled a rating of regions by poverty level and divided it into 5 groups. All statistical data were taken from the data of the National Bureau of statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Originality / value of the study: the result of this study, which includes data on 6 factors (mortality, education, unemployment, GRP per capita), provides a deeper and more comprehensive explanation of the level of poverty in the regions compared to traditional methodologies based only on monetary data.

As a result of the study, the value of the multi-factor poverty index (MPI) for the regions of Kazakhstan was calculated and analyzed. The higher the index value, the lower the poverty rate in the region. The highest MPI was in Atyrau (0.611), Karaganda (0.661), Almaty (0.751) and Astana (0.759), and the lowest was Zhetysu (0.233) in North Kazakhstan (0.213) and Turkestan region (0.146). Recommendations were given in accordance with the specifics of each region.

Research objective. The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic aspects of integrating technical and vocational education standards into the system of higher and postgraduate education, as well as to identify prospects and problems related to the training of engineering personnel. The research is aimed at determining the impact of such standards on improving the competencies and professional training of graduates in accordance with the requirements of the modern labor market.

Research methodology. The methodological basis of the study is economic, statistical and comparative analysis. To obtain data, quantitative and qualitative methods were used, including document analysis, statistical methods and comparative case studies, allowing us to consider the experience of implementing educational standards in different countries, on the basis of which an assessment of the effectiveness of educational standards and their impact on the professional training of engineering personnel was carried out.

Originality / research value. The study presents an original approach to the analysis of the economic aspects of implementing technical and vocational education standards into higher and postgraduate education systems. The contribution of the research is to identify promising areas and possible risks associated with the integration of such standards, which is especially important in the context of digitalization and technological development. The value of the work lies in the possibility of using its results to develop recommendations for improving the training of engineering personnel in Kazakhstan and other developing countries.

Research findings. The study showed that the integration of technical and vocational education standards helps to improve the level of qualification of engineering personnel, their readiness to solve modern problems in the manufacturing and construction industries. It was also found that digitalization and technological equipment of universities help to attract additional funding and improve the material and technical base for training specialists.

Purpose of the research is to improve the methodology and mechanism for the formation of compensation policy in the field of social support for the population.

Methodology: theoretical sources of socio-economic policy, methods of generalization and systematization, own methodological approaches.

Originality/value of the study – a method for calculating the compensation payment of targeted social support for the population and a mechanism for its implementation to improve the effectiveness of social support, taking into account the following changes: the economic potential of the region, taking into account its competitive advantage in goods or services, and the socio-economic state of the household, are proposed. This approach contributes to the fair use of budgetary funds and a differentiated approach to the implementation of targeted social support, taking into account the needs of the family.

Findings. Results of the study: a methodology for determining the amount of compensation payments and a mechanism for its implementation based on the creation of an integrated information system using digital family cards (DFC) are proposed. The proposed methodology will take into account the following changes: energy prices, the dollar exchange rate against the tenge, as well as socio-economic and territorial/regional features in the payment of social assistance and social security (social payments), taking into account the needs of each family in these additional payments and the risk of the household. The degree of need for each family in additional payments and household risks should be established for each needy family individually by social workers together with akimats. The paper shows the application of the proposed approach on the example of the Aktobe region.

The purpose of this research is to analyze international approaches to the development of national innovation systems (NIS), with a particular focus on countries in Western Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, and the United States. The study aims to identify the most effective models and assess their applicability to Kazakhstan's national context.

The methodology of the research is based on comparative analysis, allowing for a detailed examination of various NIS models and the conditions under which they have been successfully implemented. Particular attention is given to the institutional roles of government, scientific and industrial infrastructure, and human capital in driving innovation.

The scientific novelty (originality / value) of the work lies in its comprehensive evaluation of global innovation policy frameworks and their potential adaptation to Kazakhstan’s national context. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers by bridging international experience with local development needs.

The research findings reveal that successful innovation systems rely on strong collaboration between key stakeholders—government, business, academia, and civil society. In Kazakhstan, the current low level of innovation activity and weak performance in global innovation rankings underscore the urgency of reform. The study identifies tailored strategies to foster a more effective and context-sensitive national innovation system capable of supporting long-term, sustainable economic growth.

Purpose of the research. This study is devoted to the bibliometric analysis of academic literature related to the development of domestic tourism and the factors of its growth. The main goal of the work is to determine the key areas, authors, countries that have the greatest influence on the development of knowledge in the field of domestic tourism, as well as to identify the factors contributing to its regional growth.

Methodology. The study employed bibliometric methods for analyzing an array of data using VOSviewer software, which allows to visualize the relationships between keywords, authors and the publications themselves. Based on this, one can track the trends in publication activity, identify thematic clusters and authors who have made the greatest contribution to the study of the studied domain.

Originality / value of the study. The work contributes to the systematization of existing scientific publications in the field of domestic tourism development, allowing to identify key research areas, gaps in the study of the sustainable and social impact of domestic tourism, as well as a promising agenda for further research.

Findings. The main factors stimulating the regional growth of domestic tourism are determined, the main trends in domestic tourism research are revealed. The scientific and practical significance lies in the fact that the obtained scientific results can be used in the formation of effective strategies for the development of domestic tourism and stimulation of economic growth.

The purpose of the study is to examine how international cooperation contributes to strengthening Kazakhstan's position as an educational hub. Although global academic partnerships are widely recognized major pillars of higher education modernization, few studies have explored Kazakhstan's strategic positioning and the management mechanisms supporting its internationalization efforts. This study introduces a novel comparative framework analyzing how Kazakhstan’s internationalization strategies differ from regional counterparts and evaluates the governance mechanisms shaping its academic partnerships.

The methodology consists of a mixed-method approach, including statistical analysis, comparative assessment of universities rankings, as well as content analysis of academic reports. It uses a pragmatic research framework that combines quantitative and qualitative insights in understanding international cooperation: however, its impact faces challenges, including the limitations of secondary data since they can hardly showcase some of the vital institutional obstacles surrounding global academic collaboration.

The novelty lies in the systematic evaluation of management strategies that further international partnerships in higher education in Kazakhstan. In contrast to past studies that largely dealt with the overall consequences of internationalization, this study additionally explores feedback mechanisms and strategic approaches that enable and enhance global engagements for universities.

The findings show international partnerships improve the quality of education, curriculum development, influence research output, and attract foreign students and faculty. The study reveals that Kazakhstani universities are expanding their international networks even further despite the bureaucratic barriers and unequal institutional participation in international partnerships.

This research contributes to the current discourse on higher education internationalization by means of taking Kazakhstan as a concrete case to demonstrate how targeted management strategies could make national education systems stronger in developing countries. Findings suggest specific practices for universities to enhance competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth in international academic cooperation.

Purpose of the research – The problem of weak engagement of enterprises in the dual education system is relevant in many countries of the world. In this regard, the authors aimed to evaluate the degree of involvement of all stakeholders, their level of interest, and their influence on the dual education system in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Methodology –The authors used theoretical methods of research to determine the level of involvement of key stakeholders in rolling out the dual education system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Researchers utilized data derived from secondary sources provided by the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan «Atameken as well as official statistics from the Republic of Kazakhstan's Bureau of National Statistics».

Originality/value – The article analyses the level of stakeholder engagement in the dual education system and its influence on the youth unemployment rate in Kazakhstan.

Findings – Within the dual education system enterprises play the role of representers of the labor market and also take place as one of the key stakeholders. They not only set their qualification requirements for future employees but also educate young professionals and become a transitional point to working life.

Purpose of the study. At the time of changing and actual development of the economy, the effective activity of business entities is primarily determined by its competitive ability. A competitive entity is an organization with high value and demand for its products. The price of the manufactured product and the performed work is determined by the level of costs spent on its preparation and production.

In this scientific article, the necessity of environmental accounting in modern conditions, aimed at achieving the final strategy of production to reduce the impact of harm caused to our environment by business entities that produce products, is determined. In order to evaluate environmental factors, there is a need to create a systematic accounting system that continues the formation of expenses for environmental protection and their connections with economic expenses.

The purpose of the article is to disclose the methodology of "environmental cost accounting", which reflects the relationship between economic costs and environmental protection costs, which allows ensuring the competitiveness and reliability of products.

Research methodology. During the writing of the article, economic analysis, management accounting methods, monographic studies and graphic methods were used.

Originality / value of the study. The conclusions and methodical recommendations obtained as a result of the research of the scientific article will help to form their own value through the rational management of production-economic and environmental costs of production-oriented business entities. At the same time, it contributes to the optimal organization of environmental measures and services of economic entities.

Results of the study. In the main content of the article, the concept of determining the target intrinsic value is given, the place and methodology of environmental cost calculation is studied in order to determine the competitiveness of the product and the impact of production damage on the environment.

The purpose of the research. The study aims to provide a comparative analysis and generalization of various researchers’ views on assessing the impact of ESG principles implementation on a company's financial stability

Research methodology. The article applies content analysis of academic papers, analytical reviews, and other documents from previous studies on the subject. The analysis is conducted based on key ESG factors that influence the financial condition of companies, taking into account the specifics of the oil and gas industry.

Originality / value of the research. The study offers a critical evaluation of the ambiguous impact of ESG on the financial condition of enterprises and contributes to the justification of development measures for companies under current conditions, based on a literature review.

The results of the study. According to the literature review, the generalization of existing opinions indicates the necessity to consider specific approaches to managing financial stability, which can partially mitigate the negative impact of ESG factors on a company’s financial stability.