Evaluation of the multiplicative effect of ecotourism development in Kazakhstan (on the example of the «Buyratau» National Park)

Purpose of research - to assess the multiplier effect of ecotourism development in the “Buiratau” State National Nature Park (SNNP) on the basis of economic indicators and statistical data.

Methodology - when studying the indirect impact of ecotourism on the economy of the Buiratau National Park, we used the method of statistical research, the mathematical model of the ecotourism - differentiated multiplier based on D. Keynes' theory of economic analysis, and methods for calculating the multiplier.

Originality /value - the research originality lies in the specification of practical provisions for the development and regulation of economic processes in the field of ecotourism, taking into account the specifics of the tourist services market and Buiratau National Park development. In this regard, the ecotourism multiplicative impact on the development of the Buiratau SNNP, in particular on the creation of jobs and incomes of the population, is revealed.

Findings - it was found that with a multiplicative coefficient k = 2.63, the expenses of each ecotourist and eco-excursionist in the amount of 189 USD bring additional income to the economy of the Buiratau National Park in the amount of 610 USD when making 10 turns (transactions).

1. Dzhandzhugazova, E. (2013), “New forms possibilities for promotion of national parks in the internet environment”, Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 16, No. 9, P. 1238-1244.

2. Dzhandzhugazova, E. A., Ilina, E. L., Latkin, A. N., Davydovich, A. R. & Valedinskaya, E. N. (2018), “Ecotourism programs in the perception of natural and cultural landscapes (on the example the Kizhi museum reserve)”, Ekoloji, Vol. 27, No. 106, P. 377-382.

3. Dzhandzhugazova, E. A., Ilina, E. L., Latkin, A. N., Davydovich, A. R. & Siganova, V. V. (2019), “Problems of development of ecological tourism on the territory of national parks of Russia”, Ekoloji, Vol. 28, P. 4913-4917.

4. Akiyanova, F. Z., Temirbayeva, R. K., Yegemberdiyeva, K. B., Atalikhova, A., Simbatova, A. & Nazhbiyev, A. (2020), “The state and possibilities of ecotourism development within the national nature parks of Kazakhstan”, EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, Vol. 14, P. 507-514.

5. Kaae, B. C., Holm, J. B, Caspersen, O. H. & Gulsrud, N. M. (2019), “Nature Park Amager-examining the transition from urban wasteland to a rewilded ecotourism destination”, Journal of Ecotourism, Vol. 18, P. 348-367.

6. Clius, M. & Patroescu, M. (2014), “An evaluation matrix for ecotourism potential in certain categories of protected areas in romania. Case studies: National park, nature park, geopark (Conference Paper)”, International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM, Vol. 2, P. 9-16.

7. Erol, S. Y., Kuvan, Y. & Yildirim, H. T. (2011), “The general characteristics and main problems of national parks in Turkey”, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 6, P. 5377-5385.

8. Jeffrey, Y. F. (1990), “Economic Impact Studies: Relating the Positive and Negative Impacts to Tourism Development”, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 29, No. 1, P. 35-42.

9. Yuryeva, T. V. (2001), “Social'naya ekonomika”, Drofa, Moscow, 352 p.

10. Keynes, D. M. (2008), “Obshchaya teoriya zanyatosti, procenta i deneg”, Eksmo, Moscow, P. 131-135.

11. Becherel, L. & Vellas, F. (1995), “International Tourism: An Economic Perspective”, St. Martin's Press, Palgrave, 359 р.

12. Brent Ritchie, J. R. & Goeldner, Ch. R. (2016), “The Macroeconomic Theory of John Keynes”, 128 р.

13. Samuelson, P. (1989), “Economics, 13th Ed”, McGraw-Hill Education, New-York, 837 p.

14. Ratz, T. & Puczko, L. (2002), “The Impacts of Tourism An Introduction”, Hameenlinna, Hungary, 256 р.

15. Gulyaev, V. G. (2011), “Mul'tiplikativnyj effekt v turizme”, Bulletin of the Economics of Tourism RMAT, No. 3 (3), P. 54-64.

16. Zorin, I. V. & Kvartal'nov, V. A. (2003), “Enciklopediya turizma Spravochnik”, Finansy i statistika, Moscow, 368 p.

17. Mamistova, E. A. & Belenova, A. A. (2015), “Mul'tiplikativnye effekty v turizme”, Molodezhnyj vektor razvitiya agrarnoj nauki Materialy 66 nauchnoj studencheskoj konferencii, P. 33-42.

18. Tourism statistics. 2019 Bulletin. Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, available at: http://stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_e/ (accessed: October 22, 2020).

19. Official website of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, available at: https://www.iucn.org/theme/world-heritage (accessed October 12, 2020).

20. Official website of the State National Natural Park "Buyratau", available at: http://gnpp-buiratau.kz/ru/page/karagayly (accessed: November 29, 2020).

21. Official website of the State National Natural Park "Buyratau", available at: http://gnpp-buiratau.kz/ru/page/karagayly (accessed: November 29, 2020).

22. Kazakh tourism official website, available at: https://qaztourism.kz/ru (accessed: November 29,2020).

23. Mulligan, G. F. (2014), “Multiplier effects and structural change: applying economic base analysis to small economies”, Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, Vol. 6, P. 3-21.