Повышение безопасности цепей поставок через управление логистическими рисками

Цель исследования. Провести сравнительный анализ логистических рисков в Казахстане и США для выявления ключевых уязвимостей, оценки их влияния на цепочки поставок и разработки специализированных стратегий управления рисками.

Методология исследования. Применен смешанный подход: количественный анализ (Индекс логистической эффективности Всемирного банка, статистика торговли) и качественные экспертные интервью. Использованы методы SWOT-анализа, риск-картирования и сравнительной оценки. Теоретической базой послужили труды Шеффи (2022), отчеты АБР/ВТО, государственные программы ("Нұрлы жол").

Оригинальность / ценность исследования. Разработана сопоставительная матрица рисков для стран разного уровня развития. Практическая значимость подтверждена расчетами: инвестиции $2,1 млрд в стандартизацию ж/д колеи сократят задержки на 30%, внедрение стандартов NIST снизит киберинциденты на 70%.

Результаты исследования. Выявлены структурные различия:

- Казахстан: инфраструктурные ограничения (22% дорог соответствуют стандартам), геополитические риски (68% транзита в ЕС через Россию);

- США: киберугрозы ($4,3 млн ущерб/инцидент), климатические риски ($18 млрд годовых потерь).

Приоритетные решения: для РК – развитие коридора "Middle Corridor", для США – киберзащита портов. Исследование вносит вклад в существующую базу знаний, предоставляя сравнительный анализ факторов логистических рисков в различных экономических контекстах (в частности, Казахстана и США) и предлагая новую интегрированную теоретико-методологическую основу для оценки и управления рисками, ориентированную на промышленные предприятия.

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