caerCentral Asian Economic ReviewCentral Asian Economic Review2789-43982789-4401Университет Нархоз10.52821/2789-4401-2025-4-147-161caer-1557Research ArticleБИЗНЕС И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯBUSINESS AND GOVERNANCE: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONSПовышение безопасности цепей поставок через управление логистическими рискамиImproving supply chain security through logistics risk managementhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0847-3537КошкинаО. В.KoshkinaO. V.

Алматы

Koshkina Olga – PhD in Finance, Associate Professor, Department of Finance and Accounting

Almaty

o.koshkina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9142-4420НурмагамбетоваА. З.NurmagambetovaA. Z.

Алматы

Nurmagambetova Azhar - candidate of economic science, PhD, associate professor

Almaty

n_azhar@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-6926НургалиеваА. М.NurgaliyevaA. M.

Алматы

Nurgaliyeva Aliya - candidate of economic science, PhD, associate professor

Almaty

aliya_mn@mail.ruУниверситет международного бизнесаКазахстанUniversity of International BusinessKazakhstanКазахский национальный университет им. аль-ФарабиКазахстанal-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstanУниверситет НархозКазахстанNarxoz UniversityKazakhstan20250211202504147161Copyright © Кошкина О.В., Нурмагамбетова А.З., Нургалиева А.М., 20252025Кошкина О.В., Нурмагамбетова А.З., Нургалиева А.М.Koshkina O.V., Nurmagambetova A.Z., Nurgaliyeva A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://caer.narxoz.kz/jour/article/view/1557Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Провести сравнительный анализ логистических рисков в Казахстане и США для выявления ключевых уязвимостей, оценки их влияния на цепочки поставок и разработки специализированных стратегий управления рисками.

Методология исследования

Методология исследования. Применен смешанный подход: количественный анализ (Индекс логистической эффективности Всемирного банка, статистика торговли) и качественные экспертные интервью. Использованы методы SWOT-анализа, риск-картирования и сравнительной оценки. Теоретической базой послужили труды Шеффи (2022), отчеты АБР/ВТО, государственные программы ("Нұрлы жол").

Оригинальность / ценность исследования. Разработана сопоставительная матрица рисков для стран разного уровня развития. Практическая значимость подтверждена расчетами: инвестиции $2,1 млрд в стандартизацию ж/д колеи сократят задержки на 30%, внедрение стандартов NIST снизит киберинциденты на 70%.

Результаты исследования

Результаты исследования. Выявлены структурные различия:

- Казахстан

- Казахстан: инфраструктурные ограничения (22% дорог соответствуют стандартам), геополитические риски (68% транзита в ЕС через Россию);

- США

- США: киберугрозы ($4,3 млн ущерб/инцидент), климатические риски ($18 млрд годовых потерь).

Приоритетные решения

Приоритетные решения: для РК – развитие коридора "Middle Corridor", для США – киберзащита портов. Исследование вносит вклад в существующую базу знаний, предоставляя сравнительный анализ факторов логистических рисков в различных экономических контекстах (в частности, Казахстана и США) и предлагая новую интегрированную теоретико-методологическую основу для оценки и управления рисками, ориентированную на промышленные предприятия.

Research objective

Research objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of logistics risks in Kazakhstan and the USA, identifying key vulnerabilities, assessing their impact on supply chains, and developing specialized risk management strategies.

Methodology

Methodology. A mixed-method approach was used: quantitative analysis (World Bank LPI, trade statistics) and qualitative expert interviews. Applied SWOT analysis, risk mapping, and comparative assessment. Theoretical framework includes Sheffi (2022), ADB/WTO reports, state programs ("Nurly Zhol").

Originality/value

Originality/value. A comparative risk matrix for differently developed economies was created. Practical significance is evidenced by calculations: $2.1B rail gauge standardization reduces delays by 30%; NIST compliance cuts cyber incidents by 70%.

Results

Results. Structural disparities were identified:

 - Kazakhstan

 - Kazakhstan: infrastructure gaps (22% roads meet standards), geopolitical risks (68% EU transit via Russia);

- USA

- USA: cyber threats ($4.3M damage/incident), climate risks ($18B annual losses).

Priority solutions

Priority solutions: for KZ – developing "Middle Corridor", for USA – port cybersecurity.

This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comparative analysis of logistical risk factors in different economic contexts (notably Kazakhstan and the USA) and proposing a novel integrated theoretical and methodological framework for risk assessment and management tailored for industrial enterprises.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.