Analysis of the carbon balance and economic value of land in Kazakhstan: dynamics and management prospects

The purpose of this study is to assess land degradation in Kazakhstan for the years 2001 and 2020, analyze its economic consequences, identify critical zones, and priority investment areas for successful restoration.

Methodology. This study utilizes MODIS satellite remote sensing data to monitor land cover and land use, track vegetation changes, measure biodiversity, and analyze ecological parameters. Correlation analysis and data visualization were conducted using the R programming software.

Originality / Value of the research. This study contributes to the scientific literature on land degradation assessment in Kazakhstan by utilizing time-series MODIS data to analyze land cover changes, enabling accurate and consistent monitoring. The research has practical value for decision-making and the development of sustainable land management strategies in Kazakhstan.

Findings. The results indicate a moderate increase in the economic value of non-restored areas in Kazakhstan, whereas restored areas have experienced a significant decline in value. A comparable regional analysis reveals positive economic dynamics in some regions while showing a decline in others. These findings highlight the need for further research and the development of effective land-use strategies aimed at improving the carbon balance and enhancing the long-term economic value of Kazakhstan’s land resources.

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