«Digital nomads» in the modern labor market

   The purpose of the research: Analyze the economic situation of digital nomads, their infl uence on the labor market, taking into account that they differ in dynamism of geographic mobility. To study the problems of non-traditional employment in the context of digitalization of the economy.

   Methodology: The paper uses a comparative analysis between digital nomads, freelancers and self-employed citizens, which showed that they form overlapping sets with such common feature as remote non-standard employment. Study of digital nomads involves the use of a non-ethnographic approach, including methods such as online immersive interaction, content analysis of websites, forums, blogs, etc.

   Originality/value of the research: Despite many publications, there are still a number of diffi culties in studying the phenomenon of digital nomads. The article discusses defi nition of digital nomads, their essential characteristics, differences from self-employed citizens and freelancers. The article proves an important role of digital nomads in the modern labor market, who provide information, technological, managerial support, and various types of services.

   Findings: Increase in level of the population mobility stimulated emergence of a new form of employment on the labor market. Digital nomads are distinguished by a high level of education and professional training; considerable freedom in choosing the production sphere and provision of services in the fi eld of intangible production. In post-covid conditions, digital nomads can contribute to replacement of lost workers.

1. De Almeida, M. A., Correia, A., De Souza, J. M., & Schneider, D. (2022). Digital Nomads during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Narratives on Reddit discussions. 2022 IEEE 25^th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, CSCWD (pp. 1510-1516). IEEE.

2. Wang, B., Schlagwein, D., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Cahalane, M. C. (2018). Digital work and high-tech wanderers: Three theoretical framings and a research agenda for digital nomadism. Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Information Systems, 55, 1-12.

3. Olga, H. (2020). In search of a digital nomad: Defining the phenomenon. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 335-353.

4. Reichenberger, I. (2018). Digital nomads – A quest for holistic freedom in work and leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364-380.

5. Nash, C., Jarrahi, M. H., Sutherland, W., & Phillips, G. (2018). Digital nomads beyond the buzzword: Defining digital nomadic work and use of digital technologies. Proceedings of the International Conference on Information (pp. 207-217).

6. Müller, A. (2016). The digital nomad: Buzzword or research category? Transnational Social Review, 3, 344-348. doi: 10.1080/21931674.2016.1229930

7. Hannonen, O. (2020). In search of a digital nomad: Defi ning the phenomenon. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 335-353. doi: 10.1007/s40558-020-00177-z

8. Zhankubaev, B. A., & Shegenova, U. K. (2023). Novye eff ektivnye formy zanyatosti dlya ispol'zovaniya v ekonomike sovremennogo Kazahstana. Ekonomika i predprinimatel'stvo, 4(153), 474-481.

9. Rahmatullaeva, D. Zh. (2020). Analiz tendencij razvitiya samozanyatosti v Kazahstane za 1991-2018 gody. Kreativnaya ekonomika: novye shansy dlya razvitiya : Monografiya (p. 140). Almaty: Qazaq university.

10. Ilyashova, G. K., Kondybaeva, S. K., & Satpaeva, Z. T. (2021). Kazakstandagy ekonomikalyk damu men halyktyn ozіn-ozі zhumyspen kamtuy arasyndagy korrelyaciyalyk bajlanys. Bulletin of «Turan» university, 4(92), 200-207.

11. Abdreisova, D. Zh., Bajtenizov, D. T., & Amerzhanova, D. A. (2021). Uslugi frilansa v Kazahstane i perspektivy ego razvitiya. Statistika, uchet i audit, 2(81), 59-65.

12. Hardjono, T., & Pentland, A. (2019). Empowering artists, songwriters & musicians in a data cooperative through blockchains and smart contracts. arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.10433 (p. 12).

13. COVID-19: Guidance for labour statistics data collection. (2020). Official website of the ILO. Retrieved December 15, 2023, from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_741145.pdf.

14. The future of work after COVID-19. (2021). McKinsey Global Institute. Retrieved December 15, 2023, from https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/the-future-of-work-after-covid-19.

15. Labour market of Kazakhstan 2022: on the way to digital reality [Elektrondy resurs]. (2022). AO «Centr razvitiya trudovyh resursov» [web-sajt]. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from https://iac.enbek.kz/sites/default/files/WDC.%20Labour%20market%20in%20Kazakhstan%2C%20November%202022.pdf

16. Zhumyspen kamtu zhane zhumyssyzdyk. (2024). Agency for Strategic Planning and Reform of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics. Retrieved February 16, 2024, from https://old.stat.gov.kz.

17. About the 2021 Cohort. (2024). Website of the Becker Friedman Institute. Retrieved December 15, 2023, from https://bfi.uchicago.edu/class-of-2021-highlights/

18. Schlagwein, D. (2018). The history of digital nomadism. Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Changing Nature of Work, 22, 1-5.

19. McRae, E., Aykens, P., Lowmaster, K., & Shepp, J. (2023). Trends that will shape work in 2023 and beyond [Elektrondy resurs]. Harvard Business Publishing, 20(9). Retrieved January 25, 2024, from https://hbr.org/2024/01/9-trends-that-will-shape-work-in-2024-and-beyond.