HUMAN CAPITAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: FEATURES OF FORMATION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH OF COMPETITIVENESS

Purpose of the research. The article substantiates the need to form competitive human capital on the example of advanced countries, the purpose of which is to determine the sources of formation of eff ective human capital.

Methodology: In the course of the study the methods of analysis and synthesis, statistical and comparative analysis were applied. The authors conducted a literature review of scientifi c works in the fi eld of human capital formation of both domestic and foreign economists, studied the best practices of countries, and the possibility of its application in the Kazakhstani realities. For a more in-depth study of the issues were considered strategic programs and analyzed statistical compilations.

Originality / value. The main indicators of the health care system, providing the formation of health capital as a component of human capital, have been analyzed. The main problems of education and health care spheres are defi ned. The comparison of labor remuneration indicators with advanced countries both in the average value and by sectors of the economy as a whole is carried out, the degree of its infl uence on the development of human capital is determined.

Findings: A mechanism for the development of national human capital in the conditions of building an innovative economy is proposed. Recommendations have been developed to ensure the eff ectiveness of investments in the development and realization of the country's human capital.

1. Bani, Y. (2017). On the relationship between human capital inequality and globalization. International Journal of Business and Society, 18(2), 285–300. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.484.2017.

2. Kritskij, M. M. (1991). Chelovecheskij capital. Izd-vo LGU, Leningrad. 117 p. (In Russian).

3. Kuzmin, O., Bublyk, M., Shakhno, A., Korolenko, O., & Lashkun, H. (2020). Innovative development of human capital in the conditions of globalization. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 166). 13011, DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016613011.

4. Medrano, J. D. (2016). Globalization, transnational human capital, and employment in the European Union. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 57(6), 449–470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715216684182.

5. Ilinskij, I. V. (2011). Konkurentosposobnost' chelovecheskogo kapitala Rossii: sostojanie, problemy, perspektivy: monograph. FGBOU VPO "SPGUTD", Spb, 278 p. (In Russian)

6. Nojmann, F. (2015). Metodika jekonomicheskoj ocenki chelovecheskogo kapitala // Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie: transformacionnye processy v sovremennom mire. Tezisy dokladov mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoprakticheskoj konferencii. Ch. 2. Akademija upravlenija pri Prezidente Respubliki Belarus', Minsk, 98 p. (In Russian).

7. Pata, U. K. and Caglar, A. E. (2020). Investigating the EKC hypothesis with renewable energy consumption, human capital, globalization and trade openness for China: Evidence from augmented ARDL approach with a structural break. Energy, 2016, 119200, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119220.

8. Nazarbaev, N. A. (2014). Kazahstanskij put' - 2050: edinaja cel', edinye interesy, edinoe budushhee. Poslanie Prezidenta strany narodu Kazahstana. Offi cial website of the President of RK. Retrieved September 15, 2023, from https://www.akorda.kz/ru/events/astana_kazakhstan/participation_in_events/poslanie-prezidenta-respubliki-kazahstan-lidera-nacii-nursultana-nazarbaeva-narodu-kazahstana-strategiya-kazahstan2050-novyi-politicheskii- (In Russian).

9. Global'nyj indeks konkurentosposobnosti: na puti v 30-ku konkurentosposobnyh stran mira. Adilet. Retrieved September 15, 2023, from www.adilet.gov.kz/ru/articles/globalnyy-indeks-konkurentosposobnostina-puti-v-30-ku-konkurentosposobnyh-stran-mira (In Russian).

10. Rejting stran po global'noj konkurentosposobnosti. NoNews. Retrieved September 15, 2023, from nonews.co/directory/lists/countries/global-competitiveness-index (In Russian).

11. Kazahstan zanjal 37 mesto v Rejtinge mirovoj konkurentosposobnosti IMD-2023. Kapital.kz. Retrieved September 15, 2023, from kapital.kz/economic/kazakhstan-zanyal-37-mesto-v-reytinge-mirovoykonkurentosposobnosti-imd-2023.html (In Russian).

12. Smailova, A. A. (Ed.). (2015). Kazahstan v 2014 godu. Statisticheskij sbornik. Astana, 485 p. (In Russian).

13. Ajdapkelova, N. S. (Eds). (2018). Predvaritel'nye dannye za 2017 god. Statisticheskij sbornik na kazahskom i russkom jazykah. Astana, 132 p. (In Russian).

14. Osnovnye pokazateli po trudu v Respublike Kazahstan za 2022 god. Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics. Retrieved September 15, 2023, from stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/labor-and-income/stat-wags/publications (In Russian).

15. Rejtingi srednih zarplat v stranah mira. Emigrating.Ru. Retrieved September 15, 2023, from emigrating. ru/rejtingi-srednih-zarplat-v-stranah-mira (In Russian).

16. Statistika zdravoohranenija i social'nogo obespechenija za 2022 god. Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics. Retrieved September 15, 2023, from stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/social-statistics/stat-medicine (In Russian).