KAZAKHSTAN'S FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH AND DIFERENTIATION

Purpose of the study. Assessment of the dynamics and structure of agro-food exports of the Republic of Kazakhstan and justifi cation of the development prospects of exports of agricultural products as a factor of growth of competitiveness of the national agro-food complex.  

Methodology. The article used the classical methodology of scientifi c research in economics and calculated a number of specifi c indicators of country and product exports. The sources of data were the materials of statistical compilations of offi cial state agencies of the Republic of Kazakhstan, COMTRADE international trade database.  

Originality / value of the research. The article substantiates the prospects of development of exports of agricultural and food products as a factor of growth of competitiveness of the national agro-food complex. The system of universal indicators that characterize structural changes in the agro-food complex is calculated.  

Findings. The calculation of the degree of concentration of exports of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the studied sector characterizes the weak level of diversifi cation of agro-industrial exports. This trend persists for a long time. Research on the trend of parameters of structural shifts in the export of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan showed the stabilization of the structure of agro-food export, strengthening the specialization and concentration of domestic agro-food export. However, the main share of exported products is agricultural raw materials, which negatively aff ects the development prospects of the national agro-food complex. 

1. Programma importozameshcheniya do 2025 goda razrabatyvaetsya v Kazahstane. (2022). Kazlenta.kz. Retrieved July 7, 2022, from https://kazlenta.kz/49592-programma-importozamescheniya-do-2025-goda-razrabatyvaetsya-v-kazahstane.html (In Russian).

2.

3. Starostin, V. S., Chernova, V. Y. and Fedorenko, E. A. (2019). Potential of export-oriented import substitution in the eurasian economic union: The case study of the agro-industrial complex. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 16, 145-152.

4.

5. Vneshnetorgovaya strategiya: importozameshchenie ili eksportnaya orientaciya? (2018). Gazeta.uz. Retrieved July 7, 2022, from https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2018/03/24/strategy/ (In Russian).

6.

7. Imanbaev, B. B. (2019). Diversifi kaciya ekonomiki Kazahstana i formirovanie global'nyh trendov ego dal'nejshego razvitiya. Vestnik RGGU. Seriya Ekonomika. Upravlenie. Pravo, 2, 69-80 (In Kazakh).

8.

9. Konuspaev, R. K., Demesinov, T. Zh. and Taipov, T. A. (2021). Strategiya diversifi kacii v agropromyshlennom komplekse. Problemy agrorynka, 2, 31-37 (In Russian).

10.

11. Zaurbekova, T. S. (2019). Osnovnye tendencii razvitiya mer gosudarstvennoj podderzhki sel'skogo hozyajstva v Kazahstane v usloviyah chlenstva v EAES i VTO. Trade policy, 3, 115-133 (In Russian).

12.

13. Semykin, V. A., Soloveva, T. N., Safronov, V. V. and Terekhov, V. P. (2015). Diversifi kaciya agropromyshlennogo proizvodstva kak eff ektivnyj instrument formirovaniya potenciala importozameshcheniya agroprodovol'stvennoj produkcii. Bulletin of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy, 9, 2-8 (In Russian).

14.

15. Yakovenko, N. A., Ivanenko, I. S. and Voronov, A. S. (2019). Diversifi kaciya agroprodovol'stvennogo eksporta Rossii. Mezhdunarodnyj sel'skohozyajstvennyj zhurnal, 5(371), 69-73 (In Russian).

16.

17. Yermekbayeva D.Zh., Mukhammedov A.U., Tasmaganbetov A.B. (2019). Export potential of agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan. Problemy agrorynka, 4, 33-39 (In Russian).

18.

19. Henson, S. and Loader, R. (2001). Barriers to agricultural exports from developing countries: the role of sanitary and phytosanitary requirements. World Development, 29(1), 85-102.

20.

21. Srivastava, D. K., Shah, H. and Talha, M. (2006). Determinants of competitiveness of South African agricultural export fi rms. Competitiveness Review, 16(3–4), 223-232.

22.

23. Babiker, B. I., Abdullah, A. J. M. and Al-Feel, M. A. (2011). Sudanese live sheep and mutton exports competitiveness. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 10, 25-32.

24.

25. Erkan, B. and Yildirimci, E. (2015). Economic complexity and export competitiveness: the case of Turkey. The Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 524-533.

26.

27. Su, H., Hou, F., Yang, Y., Han, Z. and Liu, C. (2020). An assessment of the international competitiveness of China's forest products industry. Forest Policy and Economics, 119, 102256.

28.

29. Gilbert, J. and Muchová, E. (2018). Export competitiveness of central and Eastern Europe since the enlargement of the EU. International Review of Economics & Finance, 55, 78-85.

30.

31. Analysis of Trends in World and Foreign Trade of Kazakhstan: Analytical Review: 2020. (2020). JSC Trade Policy Development Center «Qaztrade», Nur-Sultan, 52 p.

32.

33. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). (2020). 2020 Global Food Policy Report: Building Inclusive Food Systems. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, 103 p.

34.

35. WTO. (April 23, 2020). Export Prohibitions and Restrictions: Information Note. WTO Secretariat, 17 p.

36.

37. Development of agricultural sector for 2021 and plans for coming period. (2022). The offi cial information resource of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved July 7, 2022, from https:// primeminister.kz/ru/news/reviews/itogi-razvitiya-sfery-selskogo-hozyaystva-za-2021-god-i-plany-na-predstoyashchiy-period-22422.

38.

39. Kirdasinova, K. A. (2012). Sovremennye tendencii razvitiya pishchevoj promyshlennosti v RK. Materialy Respublikanskoj konferencii «Sejfullinskie chteniya – 8», posvyashchennoj 55-letiyu universiteta, 1 (lecturers and master students), 142 (In Russian).

40.

41. Chemirbaeva, M. (2020). Analiz sovremennogo sostoyaniya pishchevoj promyshlennosti Respubliki Kazahstan. Central Asian Economic Review, 1(130), 201-214 (In Russian).

42.

43. Doklad Predsedatelya Komiteta gosudarstvennoj inspekcii v APK Ministerstva sel'skogo hozyajstva Respubliki Kazahstan MARS A.M. «Ob itogah raboty i planah v sfere obespecheniya veterinarnoj i fi tosanitarnoj bezopasnosti». (2020). Committee of state inspection in the agro-industrial complex of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved July 7, 2022, from https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/agroindust/press/article/details/6696?lang=ru (In Russian).

44.

45. Food Industry: Analytical Review: 2020. (2022). Center for Trade Policy Development "Qaztrade" JSC, Nur-Sultan, 104 p.

46.

47. Foreign Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Statistical Collection: 2020. (2021). Bureau of National Statistics, Nur-Sultan, 264 p.

48.

49. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 26 avgusta 2017 goda № 511 Ob utverzhdenii Programmy «Nacional'naya eksportnaya strategiya». (2017). Adіlet. Retrieved July 7, 2022, from https://adilet. zan.kz/rus/docs/P1700000511 (In Russian).