OPTIMAL MODELS OF ECOTOURISM ORGANIZATION ON THE TERRITORY OF THE TARBAGATAI NATIONAL PARK: APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The purpose systematization of the practice of development and management of ecological tourism in leading countries and consideration of the optimal model for its implementation in the Tarbagatai National Park.  

Methodology. Research work was carried out using such general scientifi c methods as analysis, comparison, generalization.  

The originality / value the conducted study showed that the models presented on the basis of the results can be used in the Tarbagatai National Park. Based on foreign experience in the development of national parks, an optimal model for the development of the Tarbagatai National Park is proposed.  

Findings. Since the Tarbagatai National Park is one of the young parks in Kazakhstan, it is clear that work is underway to develop it, but there is still a number of works that need to be done. An analysis of the practice of organizing and managing national parks abroad allows us to conclude that its individual components can be used to improve the activities of the Tarbagatai National Park. 

1. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 10 noyabrya 2000 goda № 1692 O Koncepcii razvitiya i razmeshcheniya osobo ohranyaemyh prirodnyh territorij Respubliki Kazahstan do 2030 goda. Utratilo silu postanovleniem Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 10 sentyabrya 2010 goda № 924. (2000). Adіlet. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P000001692_ (In Russian).

2.

3. «Kazakstan Respublikasynyn Auyl sharuashylygy ministrlіgі Orman sharuashylygy zhane zhanuarlar duniesі komitetіnіn "Tarbagataj" memlekettіk ulttyk tabigi parkі» respublikalyk memlekettіk mekemesіn kuru turaly Kazakstan Respublikasy Ukіmetіnіn 2018 zhylgy 27 mausymdagy № 382 kaulysy. (2018). Adіlet. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/P1800000382 (In Kazakh).

4.

5. Park zhajynda. (n.d.). Offi cial site of "Tarbagatai" National Park. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from https:// tarbagatai-park.kz/kz// (In Kazakh).

6.

7. Panov, I. N. (2013). Ekologicheskij turizm i ego rol' v ustojchivom razvitii territorij. Teoriya i praktika mezhdunarodnogo turizma: Sb. nauch. st. Ed. by. A. Yu. Aleksandrova. KnoRus, Moscow, 250 p. (In Russian).

8.

9. Faronova, Yu. V. (2016). Ekologicheskij turizm v Avstralii. Novoe slovo v nauke i praktike: gipotezy i aprobaciya rezul'tatov issledovanij, 22, 13-17 (In Russian).

10.

11. Alekseeva, E. V. (2015). Ekologicheskij turizm: problemy i perspektivy: uchebnoe posobie. Press, Moscow, 566 p. (In Russian).

12.

13. Egorenkov, L. I. (2013). Ekologiya turizma i servisa: Uchebnoe posobie. Finansy i statistika, Moscow, 234 p. (In Russian).

14.

15. Mishechkin, G. V. and Golubnichaya, S. N. (2017). Ekologicheskij turizm na urbanizirovannyh territoriyah. Servis v Rossii i za rubezhom, 7(77), 85-98 (In Russian).

16.

17. Ponedelko, G., Kvashnin, Yu., Gutnik, A. and Trofi mova, O. (2018). Ekologicheskij turizm v stranah Yuzhnoj Evropy. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 62(2), 73–82 (In Russian).

18.

19. About IUCN. (n.d.). IUCN offi cial website. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from https://www.iucn.org/theme/ world-heritage.

20.

21. Ekoturizm: vidy ekologicheskogo turizma. (n.d.). Tourist portal of Tyumen: encyclopedia. Retrieved July 15, 2022, from http://travel72.ru/articles/66 (In Russian).

22.

23. 12 World Tourism Organization. (2012). Compendium of Best Practices and Recommendations for Ecotourism in Asia and the Pacifi c. UNWTO, Madrid, 134 p., DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284414260.

24.

25. Donohoe, H. M. and Needham, R. D. (2016). Ecotourism: The Evolving Contemporary Defi nition. Journal of Ecotourism, 5(3), 192-210.

26.

27. Eagles, P. F. J. (2001). Nature-based tourism management. In: Contemporary Perspectives on Tourism. Department of Geography Publication Series. Waterloo, ON: Department of Geography, University of Waterloo, 181-232.

28.

29. IUCN. (1994). Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. CNPPA with the assistance of WCMC. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 261 p.

30.

31. Sandwith, T., Shine, C., Hamilton, L. and Sheppard, D. (2001). Transboundary protected areas for peace and co-operation. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, 111 p.

32.

33. Zalatan, A. and Gaston, A. R. (1996). Soft Ecotourism: The Substitution Eff ect. The Tourist Review, 51(4), 42-48, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb058235.

34.

35. Allcock, A., Jones, V., Lane, S. and Grant, J. (1994). National ecotourism strategy. Commonwealth Department of Tourism. Canberra AGPS, 68 p.