CONCENTRATION OF INDUSTRIES IN KAZAKHSTAN

The concentration of production is closely related to monopolization, diversification of economic sectors, and generally affects the efficiency of production and competitiveness of the country's economy. In the case of Kazakhstan, the increase in the concentration of industries occurs at the expense of extractive industries, and therefore worsens the environmental situation.
The purpose of the research. In this article, we set a goal to analyze the concentration of industries or the so-called real sector of the economy of Kazakhstan (1992-2021) in order to determine trends in concentration, identify the dominant industries in industry, their impact on the structure of production and concentration of industry, as well as whether these industries create prerequisites for innovative development of the country.
Methodology. In the analysis, we used methods of formal logic, quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical indicators based on the materials of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Originality / value of the research. To calculate the concentration of industries, we used the Gerfindahl-Hirschman market concentration index. The criteria for attribution to a particular level of concentration are determined based on the Methodology for Assessing Economic concentration in commodity markets approved by the Order of the Minister of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Then the dominant sectors were identified and the interdependence of changes in the share of these industries and changes in the industrial concentration index over 30 years (1992-2021) was shown.
Findings. The results showed an increase in the concentration of industry until 2011 to a highly concentrated value and then a decrease. The dominant industry was the sector associated with oil and gas production.

1. Chelnokova, O. Yu. (2018). Modelirovanie ispol'zovaniya indeksa Herfindalya-Hirshmana pri analize stepeni koncentracii firm na otraslevom rynke. Professional'naya orientaciya, 2, 54-58 (In Russian).

2. Bajgar, M., Berlingieri, G., Calligaris, S., Criscuolo, C. and Timmis, J. (2019). Industry concentration in Europe and North America. OECD Productivity Working Papers. No. 18. OECD Publishing, Paris, 53 p., DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/24139424.

3. Lyubyashchenko, S. N. and Mamonov, V. I. (2013). Rynochnaya koncentraciya v usloviyah gruppirovaniya predpriyatij i ekonomicheskaya effektivnost'. Vestnik NGUEU, 3, 92-106 (In Russian).

4. Lanier Benkard, C., Yurukoglu, A. and Lee Zhang, A. (2021). Concentration in Product Markets. Working Paper 28745. National Bureau of Economic Research, 59 p.

5. Mulyaningsih, T. and Daly, A. (2009). Sompetitive conditions in banking industry: an empirical analysis of the consolidation, competition and concentration in the Indonesia banking industry between 2001 and 2009. Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, 14(2), 141–175.

6. Bikker, J. A. and Haaf, A. (2002). Competition, concentration and their relationship: An empirical analysis of the banking industry. Journal of Banking & Finance, 26(11), 2191-2214.

7. Bessen, J. (2020). Industry Concentration and Information Technology. The Journal of Law and Economics, 63(3), 531–555, DOI: 10.1086/708936.

8. Babina, T., Fedyk, A., He, A. and Hodson, J. (2020). Artificial Intelligence, Firm Growth, and Industry Concentration. 100 p., DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3651052.

9. Ponomareva, E. A. and Yaroshevich, N. Yu. (2020). Ocenka urovnya koncentracii otraslej vysokogo tekhnologichnogo urovnya ekonomiki Rossii. Journal of Economy and Business, 3-2(61), 166-170 (In Russian).

10. Ahmet, S. (2017). Razvitie i zashchita konkurencii cherez kontrol' ekonomicheskoj koncentracii: analiz opyta zarubezhnyh stran. Ekonomika i statistika, 4, 49-57.

11. Rastvorceva, S. N. and Ternovskij, D. S. (2016). Faktory koncentracii ekonomicheskoj aktivnosti v regionah Rossii. Ekonomicheskie i social'nye peremeny: fakty, tendencii, prognoz, 2(44), 153-170 (In Russian).

12. Osnovnye social'no-ekonomicheskie pokazateli Respubliki Kazahstan. (2022). Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved October 28, 2022, from https://www.stat.gov.kz/for_users/dynamic (In Russian).

13. Zanyatoe naselenie po osnovnym vidam ekonomicheskoj deyatel'nosti. (2022). Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved October 28, 2022, from https://stat.gov.kz/official/industry/25/statistic/7 (Data obrashcheniya: 28.10.2022).

14. Ob utverzhdenii Metodiki ocenki ekonomicheskoj koncentracii na tovarnyh rynkah. Prikaz Ministra nacional'noj ekonomiki Respubliki Kazahstan ot 14 dekabrya 2017 goda № 416. (2017). Adіlet. Retrieved October 26, 2022, from https: //adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V1700016161 (In Russian).

15. Ob’emy produkcii (tovarov, uslug) v dejstvuyushchih cenah po vidam ekonomicheskoj deyatel'nosti. (2022). Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved October 25, 2022, from https://www.stat.gov.kz/official/industry/151/statistic/8 (In Russian).