PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE FIELD OF THE “GREEN” ECONOMY OF THE MEGAPOLIS

The purpose of the research is to analyze the concept of public-private partnership and the practice of its implementation in the field of «green» economy to achieve sustainable development of the city.
Methodology – the study is based on scientific papers on the topic of public-private partnership, collected from the international databases Scopus, Web of Science for the period from 2008 to 2021. The main research methods include historical and logical methods, observation, analysis and synthesis.
Originality / value – the authors present the most common models of public-private partnership in different countries of the world, describe the development of the concept of public-private partnership in Kazakhstan, including the field of "green" economy.
Findings. The results of the study demonstrate the growing role of the private sector in the implementation of public-private partnerships to achieve the city's sustainable development goals. The mechanism of publicprivate partnership makes it possible to improve the quality and efficiency of services traditionally provided by the state, while reducing the financial burden on the state budget. The most successful models are publicprivate partnerships in the implementation of urban infrastructure projects based on «green» technologies and «green» financing. However, the number of «green» public-private partnership projects is significantly less than in other sectors of the economy. Currently, conditions have been formed in Kazakhstan for the implementation of the concept of public private partnership, however, in the field of green economy, this concept is not yet fully implemented. The main reason is the low profitability of projects, in this regard, it is necessary to provide in the legislation incentive measures for the development of public-private partnership by simplifying the procedures for concluding contracts, providing tax benefits, subsidies and revising the rates of fees for the provision of services.

1. Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Badarulzaman, N. and Jaafar, M. (2011). Achievement to Sustainable Urban Development using City Development Strategies: A Comparison between Cities Alliance and the World Bank definitions. Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(5), 151-166, DOI: 10.5539/jsd.v4n5p151.

2. Sykes, O., Demaziere, C. and Nurse, A. (2020). Introduction to the Special Issue: ‘Green Cities’ as urban models – contributing to new urban agendas, but how? The Town planning review, 91(4), 349-355, DOI: 10.3828/tpr.2020.20.

3. He, X., Lin M., Chen, T.L., Liu, B., Tseng, P.C., Cao, W. and Pen-Chi Chiang, P. C. (2020). Implementation Plan for Low-carbon Resilient City towards Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges and Perspectives. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 20, 444–464, DOI: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.11.0568.

4. One Planet Living® framework. (2022). Bioregional. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://www.bioregional.com/one-planet-living.

5. Tseng, M. C. and Peng, C. W. (2018). Public-Private Partnership Model used in urban sustainable development propriety research in Taipei governance of Taiwan. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 5(07), 4824-4836, DOI: 10.18535/ijsshi/v5i7.01.

6. Mînican, R. I. (2020). The Public-Private Partnership. A Smart Solution for an Optimal Urban Security. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Relationes Internationales, 13(2), 171-181.

7. Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 2, 2021 No. 400-VI ZRK “Ekologicheskij Kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan”. (2022). Adilet. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K2100000400.

8. Kościelniaka, H. and Górkab, A. (2016). Green Cities PPP as a Method of Financing Sustainable Urban Development, 2015. 2nd International Conference "Green Cities - Green Logistics for Greener Cities". Transportation Research Procedia, 16, 227-235, DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2016.11.022.

9. De Oliveira, R. H. and Pinhane, M. (2017). Public Private Partnership and the promotion of smart cities initiatives - Insights from Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian Journal of Marketing Research, Opinion and Media (PMKT online), 10(3), 375-388.

10. Nakhaei, M., Bandaryan, E. and Ezatpanah, B. (2017). Public and Private Partnership: A Strategy to Repair Old Texture. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 6(1), 532-548, DOI: 10.7596/taksad.v6i1.759.

11. Tseng, M. C. and Peng, C. W. (2018). Public-Private Partnership Model Used in the Taipei Central Station Project Research. Psychology Research, 8(7), 335-354, DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2018.07.005.

12. Public-Private Partnership Handbook. (2014). Asian Development Bank. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://www.adb.org/documents/public-private-partnership-ppp-handbook.

13. Mataev, T. (2019). GCHP v Kazahstane: dolgosrochnyj instrument kachestvennogo razvitiya. Kazahstanskij centr gosudarstvenno-chastnogo partnerstva, JSC "Kazakhstan Center for Public-Private Partnership". Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://forum.kzppp.kz/uploads/calendar/16/file/1.%20Mataev%20Talgat.pdf?cache=1573484732 (In Russian).

14. Akademiya GCHP. (2022). Kazakhstan Center for Public-Private Partnership. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://ppp-academy.kz/about/investicionnyy-forum-gchp (In Russian).

15. Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan “O gosudarstvenno-chastnom partnerstve” ot 31 oktyabrya 2015 goda № 379-V ZRK. (2022). Adilet. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z1500000379 (In Russian).

16. Reestr proektov. (2022). Kazakhstan Center for Public-Private Partnership. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://kzppp.kz/projects (In Russian).

17. Sistema upravleniya kommunal'nymi othodami. (2021). Associaciya praktikuyushchih ekologov. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://ecounion.kz/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/APE-othody-TBO-tarif-GCHP.pdf (In Russian).

18. Rules for the implementation of extended obligations of manufacturers (importers) dated October 25, 2021 No. 763. (2022). Adilet. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2100000763 (In Russian).

19. Bevilacqua, C., Provenzano, V., Pizzimenti, P. and Maione, C. (2017). Smart specialization strategies: the role of Public Private Partnership in planning smarter cities. International research conference 2017: Shaping tomorrow’s built environment, 993-1003.

20. Thomson, G., Matan, A. and Newman, P. (2013). A Review of International Low Carbon Precincts to Identify Pathways for Mainstreaming Sustainable Urbanism in Australia. SOAC National Conference Proceedings. Sydney, NSW: State of Australian Cities Research Network, 14 p.

21. Smart Cities and Infrastructure. (2016). UNCTAD. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://unctad.org/system/files/non-official-document/CSTD_2015_ppt07_Bufi_en.pdf.

22. Yang, T., Long, R., Li, W. and Rehman, S. U. (2016). Innovative Application of the Public–Private Partnership Model to the Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure in China. Sustainability, 8(8), 738, DOI:10.3390/su8080738.

23. Newton, P. and Newman, P. (2015). Critical Connections: The Role of the Built Environment Sector in Delivering Green Cities and a Green Economy. Sustainability, 7, 9417-9443, DOI:10.3390/su707941.