BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AS A TOOL FOR REAL ESTATE REGISTRATION

The article is devoted to the study of the «Blockchain» technology, the essence and principles of its operation, as well as the prospects and possibilities of using this technology in registration and real estate transactions in Kazakhstan.
The purpose of the paper. Is the study of the possibilities of practical application of the «Blockchain» technology in registration and transactions with real estate and identification of barriers to its implementation, both in technical and legal nature. To achieve this goal are the following tasks:
1. Clarification of the meaning of the basic concepts, terms and principles of the «Blockchain» technology.
2. Conducting a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the «Blockchain» technology.
3. Studying foreign experience of using the «Blockchain» technology in real estate registration.
4. Analysis of legal regulation of digital technologies in Kazakhstan.
5. On the basis of the conducted research, develop a conceptual model of registration and real estate transactions based on the «Blockchain» technology.
Methodology. In this work, along with theoretical methods of information research, such as analysis and synthesis of information were used historical, formal-logical, comparative and legal research methods, as well as the modeling method. In addition was applied statistical method of economic analysis of prices for real estate registration services.
Originality / value of the research. The research described is the primary information and is published by the author for the first time.
Findings. Studied and described the nature and operation of the technology «Blokchain». Analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of this technology. Reviewed and presented the experience of foreign countries, where projects have been implemented for the registration of real estate using «Blockchain» technology. Based on data on the properties, technology and work principles Blockchain practical examples developed a new model and registration of real estate transactions. An assessment of possible risks in the implementation of the «Blockchain» technology was carried out in the field of real estate registration. Developed some recommendations in terms of amendments and changes to the existing legislation regarding the regulation of digital technologies, including Blockchain, smart-contract and others. The research results can be used in drawing up a concept for the implementation of Blockchain technology in the field of real estate registration and in the development of legislative amendments related to Kazakhstani regulation of digital technologies, including Blockchain technology.

1. “Summa ushcherba po korrupcionnym prestupleniyam sostavila 3,4 mlrd tenge v 2018 godu” (2019), IA «Informburo.kz», available at: https:// https://informburo.kz/novosti/summa-ushcherba-po-korrupcionnymprestupleniyam-sostavila-34-mlrd-tenge-v-2018-godu.html (accessed: May 10, 2020) (In Russian).

2. “V antikorrupcionnom vedomstve RK otmechayut rost prestuplenij v sfere zemotnoshenij”, IA «Kazinform», available at: https://www.inform.kz/ru/v-antikorruptsionnom-vedomstve-rk-otmechayut-rostprestupleniy-v-sfere-zemotnosheniy_a3547133 (accessed: May 10, 2020) (In Russian).

3. Klechikov, A. V., Pryanikov, M. M. and Chugunov, A. V. (2017), “Blokchejn-tekhnologii i ih ispol'zovanie v gosudarstvennoj sfere”, International Journal of Open Information Technologies, No. 5 (12), pp. 123–129 (In Russian).

4. Savel'ev, I. E. (2016), “Tekhnologiya blockchain i ee primenenie”, Prikladnaya informatika, No. 6 (66), pp. 19–24 (In Russian).

5. Nakomoto, S. (2008), “Bitkojn: sistema cifrovoj piringovoj nalichnosti”, available at: https://bitcoin.org/files/bitcoin-paper/bitcoin_ru.pdf (accessed: March 23, 2020) (In Russian).

6. Svon, M. (2017), “Blokchejn. Skhema novoj ekonomiki”, Izdatel'stvo «Olimp Biznes», 240 p. (In Russian).

7. Lelu, L. (2017), “Blokchejn ot A do Ya. Vse o tekhnologii desyatiletiya”, Eksmo, 190 p. (In Russian).

8. Tapskott, D. (2017), “Tekhnologiya blokchejn: to, chto dvizhet finansovoj revolyuciej segodnya”, Eksmo, Moscow, 448 p. (In Russian).

9. “Gartner Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2020”, available at: https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-top-10-strategic-technology-trends-for-2020/ (accessed: May 03, 2020).

10. “OECD-Blockchain-Primer”, available at: http://www.oecd.org/finance/OECD-Blockchain-Primer.pdf (accessed: May 04, 2020).

11. “Can Blockchain revolutionize international trade?”, available at: https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/blockchainrev18_e.pdf (accessed: May 04, 2020).

12. Varnavskij, A. V., Buryakova, A. O. and Sebechenko, E. V. (2020), “Blokchejn na sluzhbe gosudarstva”, monograph, KNORUS, Moscow, 218 p. (In Russian).

13. Shol'c, Yu., Sheler, T., Sokolov, Yu. I., Kocoeva, V. S. and El'kina, A. A. (2017), “Tekhnologiya blockchain. Principy raboty i perspektivy primeneniya”, ETAP, No. 6, pp. 67–76 (In Russian).

14. Berryhill, J., Bourgery, T. and Hanson, A. (2018), “Blockchain Technology and its use in the Public Sector”, OECD: Working Papers on Public Governance, available at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/3c32c429-en.pdf?expires=1596627041&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=8D748C8163D456CFF51166B5BED74914 (accessed: May 14, 2020).

15. Pryanikov, M. M. and Chugunov, A. V. (2017), “Blokchejn kak kommunikacionnaya osnova formirovaniya cifrovoj ekonomiki: preimushchestva i problem”, International Journal of Open Information Technologies, No. 6, pp. 49–55 (In Russian).

16. Lelu, L. (2017), “Blokchejn ot A do YA. Vse o tekhnologii desyatiletiya”, Eksmo, Moscow, 190 p.

17. Shilov, K. D. and Zubarev, A. V. (2018), “Blokchejn i raspredelennye reestry kak vidy baz dannyh”, Innovacii, No. 12 (242), pp. 77–87 (In Russian).

18. Yaga, D., Mell, P., Roby, N. and Scarfone, K. “Blockchain Technology Overview”, National Institute of Standards and Technology U.S. Department of Commerce, available at: https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media/Publications/nistir/8202/draft/documents/nistir8202-draft.pdf (accessed: May 14, 2020).

19. “OECD Blockchain Primer”, available at: http://www.oecd.org/finance/OECD-Blockchain-Primer.pdf (accessed: May 06, 2020).

20. “Chto takoe algoritm shifrovaniya SHA-256? Princip raboty SHA-256 v majninge bitkoina”, available at: https://mining-cryptocurrency.ru/sha-256/ (accessed: May 20, 2020).

21. Szabo, N. (2017), “Smart contracts: Building blocks for digital markets. 1996.”, available at: https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart_contracts_2.html (accessed: May 06, 2020).

22. Marchionni, P. (2018), “The Next Generation e-government”, available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/next-generation-e-government-pietro-marchionni/?lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base_post_details%25 (accessed: May 06, 2020).

23. Dokukina, I. A. and Polyanin, A. V. (2020), “Organizaciya decentralizovannogo upravleniya na osnove cifrovyh platform raspredelennogo reestra”, Estestvenno-gumanitarnye issledovaniya, No. 1 (27), pp. 76–81 (In Russian).

24. Andreev, R. A., Andreeva, P. A., Krotov, L. N. and Krotova, E. L. (2018), “Obzor tekhnologii blokchejn: vidy blokchejna i ih primenenie”, Intellektual'nye sistemy v proizvodstve, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 11–14 (In Russian).

25. Christidis, K. and Devetsikiotis, M. (2016), “Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things”, IEEE Access, No. 4, pp. 2292–2303.

26. Osmolovskaya, A. S. (2018), “Smart-kontrakty: funkcii i primenenie”, Biznes-obrazovanie v ekonomike znanij, No. 2 (10), pp. 54–56 (In Russian).

27. “The Tokenisation of Assets and Potential Implications for Financial Markets” (2020), OECD Blockchain Policy Series, available at: https://www.oecd.org/finance/The-Tokenisation-of-Assets-andPotential-Implications-for-Financial-Markets.pdf (accessed: 09.08.2020).

28. Baranova, O. A. and Chujkin, K. A. (2017), “Princip tekhnologii blockchain, i ee vliyanie na social'noekonomicheskuyu sferu”, Aktual'nye problemy aviacii i kosmonavtiki, No. 13, pp. 329–331 (In Russian).

29. Sokolova, T. N., Voloshin, I. P. and Petrunin, I. A. (2019), “Preimushchestva i nedostatki tekhnologii blokchejn”, Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost' i kachestvo, No. 1 (34), pp. 49–52 (In Russian).

30. Cvetkova, L. A. (2017), “Perspektivy razvitiya tekhnologii blokchejn v Rossii: konkurentnye preimushchestva i bar'ery”, Ekonomika nauki, No. 4, pp. 275–296 (In Russian).

31. Hadzhiev, M. R., Abdurahmanova, M. M. and Batukaeva, L. S. E. (2019), “Transformaciya sfery registracii prava sobstvennosti na nedvizhimost' s primeneniem blockchain tekhnologii”, Redakcionnyj sovet, p. 183 (In Russian).

32. Weiss, M. and Corsi, E. (2017), “Bitfury: Blockchain for government”, Harvard University, 29 p.

33. Ulanova, I. V. (2018), “Mirovoj opyt primeneniya blokchejn. Perspektivy vliyaniya blokchejn na vozmozhnosti razvitiya bankovskoj sfery i ee partnerov v Rossii”, Innovacionnaya ekonomika i menedzhment: Metody i tekhnologii, p. 244–250 (In Russian).

34. Golovanova, E. A. and Zubarev, A. V. (2018), “Perspektivy ispol'zovaniya tekhnologii blokchejn v kadastrovyh sistemah”, Nauchnyj vestnik IEP im. Gajdara, No. 8, pp. 36–42 (In Russian).

35. “The Land Registry in the blockchain – testbed” (2017), Blockchain_Landregistry_Report, available at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e26f18cd5824c7138a9118b/t/5e3c35451c2cbb6170caa19e/1581004119677/ (accessed: May 14, 2020).

36. “Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan ot 26 iyulya 2007 goda № 310 «O gosudarstvennoj registracii prav na nedvizhimoe imushchestvo»”, IAS «Adіlet», available at: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z070000310 (accessed: May 15, 2020) (In Russian).

37. “Tarify notarial'nyh dejstvij Respubliki Kazahstan”, Edinaya notarial'naya informacionnaya Sistema, available at: https://enis.kz/Article/Details/101 (accessed: May 14, 2020) (In Russian).

38. Ibraeva, A. “Kak bystro perevesti nalichku bez otkrytiya scheta?”, Kursiv, available at: https://kursiv.kz/news/finansy/2018-04/kak-bystro-perevesti-nalichku-bez-otkrytiya-scheta (accessed: May 14, 2020) (In Russian).

39. “Srednyaya komissiya za tranzakciyu v dollarah SSHA”, available at: https://www.blockchain.com/charts/fees-usd-per-transaction (accessed: May 14, 2020) (In Russian).

40. “Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan ot 25 iyunya 2020 goda № 347-VI ZRK «O vnesenii izmenenij i dopolnenij v nekotorye zakonodatel'nye akty Respubliki Kazahstan po voprosam regulirovaniya cifrovyh tekhnologij»”, IAS «Adіlet», available at: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z2000000347 (accessed: May 16, 2020) (In Russian).

41. Vasilevskaya, L. Yu. (2019), “Token kak novyj ob"ekt grazhdanskih prav: problemy yuridicheskoj kvalifikacii cifrovogo prava”, Aktual'nye problemy rossijskogo prava, No. 5 (102), pp. 111–119 (In Russian).

42. Raval, S. (2017), “Decentralizovannye prilozheniya. Tekhnologiya Blockchain v dejstvii”, Piter, SaintPeterborough, 240 p. (In Russian).

43. “Federal'nyj zakon ot 18 marta 2019 g. N 34-FZ «O vnesenii izmenenij v Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii»”, available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201903180027?index=3&rangeSize=1 (accessed: March 27, 2020) (In Russian).