FEATURES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE AND BUSINESS: THE EXPERIENCE OF KAZAKHSTAN
https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2022-3-56-74
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess the role of the state in business management in the context of the experience accumulated over the years of new industrialization and medium-term tasks for the formation of an export-oriented economy with high added value.
Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the key provisions set forth in the scientific publications of economists on various aspects of business management. The scientific and methodological apparatus includes a causal and current analysis of statistical data on the state of business in Kazakhstan. The basis for assessing the interaction between the state and business, the measures of state support for industry used are the concepts and concepts traditionally used in the study of entrepreneurial activity.
The originality / value of the study lies in the rationale for the transition from disparate tools of state support for business to a comprehensive system of stimulating its development.
The results of the study revealed the main reasons hindering the promotion of business in the domestic market and the entry of industrial enterprises into international markets. An assessment of various measures of state support for business within the framework of industrial policy is given. It is shown that both the implementation of state programs, despite significant funds, and measures of state support, have a supporting value on the manufacturing industry of Kazakhstan, which determines the pace of development of the economy of Kazakhstan as a whole, to a greater extent. Recommendations for building the capacity of industrial entrepreneurship have been developed and key areas of state regulation of entrepreneurship in the medium term have been identified.
About the Authors
G. M. AubakirovaKazakhstan
Karaganda
F. M. Isataeva
Kazakhstan
Karaganda
A. E. Tomashinova
Kazakhstan
Karaganda
References
1. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstana ot 24 dekabrya 2019 goda № 968 Ob utverzhdenii Gosudarstvennoj programmy podderzhki i razvitiya biznesa «Dorozhnaya karta biznesa-2025». (2019). Adіlet. Retrieved December 6, 2021, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1900000968 (In Russian).
2. Kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan ot 29 oktyabrya 2015 goda № 375-V «Predprinimatel'skij kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan» (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami po sostoyaniyu na 11.01.2022 g.). (2015). IS Paragraph. Retrieved June 26, 2021, from https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=38259854 (In Russian).
3. Ukaz Prezidenta Respubliki Kazahstan ot 16 marta 2020 goda № 287 O dal'nejshih merah po stabilizacii ekonomiki. (2020). Adіlet. Retrieved February 13, 2021, from http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2000000126 (In Russian).
4. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 12 oktyabrya 2021 goda № 728 Ob utverzhdenii nacional'nogo proekta po razvitiyu predprinimatel'stva na 2021-2025 gody. (2021). Adіlet. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2100000728 (In Russian).
5. Weitz, N., Carlsen, H.., Nilsson, M. and Skånberg, K. (2018). Towards systemic and contextual priority setting for implementing the 2030 Agenda. Sustainability Science, 13, 531-548, DOI: 10.1007/s11625-017-0470-0.
6. Fanea-Ivanovici, M., Muşetescu, R-C., Pană, M-C. and Voicu, C. (2019). Fighting Corruption and Enhancing Tax Compliance through Digitization: Achieving Sustainable Development in Romania. Sustainability, 11(5), 1480, DOI: 10.3390/su11051480.
7. Kim, E., Ha, Y. and Kim, S. (2017). Public Debt, Corruption and Sustainable Economic Growth. Sustainability, 9(3), 433, DOI: 10.3390/su9030433.
8. Chen, M.-J. and Miller, D. (2014). Reconceptualizing competitive dynamics: A multidimensional framework. Strategic Management Journal, 36(5), 758-775, DOI: 10.1002/smj.2245.
9. Chen, J., Wang, M., Gao, Y. and Long, Y. (2019). Duopoly, mixed ownership, and the optimal proportion of employee stocks in state-owned enterprises in China. Managerial and Decision Economics, 40, 550-558, DOI: 10.1002/mde.3025.
10. Lavrutich, M. N. (2017). Capacity choice under uncertainty in a duopoly with endogenous exit. European Journal of Operational Research, 258(3), 1033-1053, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2016.09.048.
11. Chen, J., Xie, X. and Liu, J. (2020). Capacity sharing with different oligopolistic competition and government regulation in a supply chain. Managerial and Decision Economics, 41(1), 79-92, DOI: 10.1002/mde.3094
12. Kunc, J. and Krizan, F. (2018). Changing European retail landscapes: New trends and challenges. Moravian Geographical Reports, 26(3), 150-159, DOI: 10.2478/mgr-2018-0012.
13. Finnengan, C., Runyan, R. C., Gonzalez-Padron, T. and Hyun, J. (2016). Diversity and Rigor Trends in Retailing Research: Assessment and Guidelines. International Journal of Management Reviews, 18, 51-68, DOI: 10.1111/ijmr.12059.
14. Souiden, N., Ladhari, R. and Chiadmi, N. E. (2019). New trends in retailing and services. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 286-288, DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.07.023.
15. Botero, I. C., Cruz, C., Massis, A. D. and Nordqvist, M. (2015). Family business research in the European context. European Journal of International Management, 9(2), 139-159, DOI: 10.1504/EJIM.2015.067858.
16. Xia, H., Tan, Q. and Bai, J. (2018). Corruption and Technological Innovation in Private Small-Medium Scale Companies: Does Female Top Management Play a Role? Sustainability, 10(7), 2252, DOI: 10.3390/su10072252.
17. Bolinska, M., Dykas, P., Mentel, G. and Misiak, T. (2019). Demographic forecasts and volatility of investment rates vs. Labor productivity trajectories. Journal of Business Economics & Management, 20(6), 1045-1063, DOI: 10.3846/jbem.2019.10446.
18. Botrić, V., Božić, Lj. and Broz, T. (2017). Explaining firm-level total factor productivity in post-transition: manufacturing vs. services sector. Journal of International Studies, 10(3), 77-90, DOI: 10.14254/2071-8330.2017/10-3/6.
19. Lavie, D. and Miller, S. R. (2008). Alliance Portfolio Internationalization and Firm Performance. Organization Science, 19(4), 623-646, DOI: 10.1287/orsc.1070.0341.
20. Doing Business in Kazakhstan. (2021). Website of the National Law Firm “AEQUITAS”. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from https://www.aequitas.kz/ru/.
21. Oficial'naya statistika po otraslyam za 2015-2020 gody. (2020). Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved December 6, 2021, from http://stat.gov.kz/official/industry/13/publication (In Russian).
22. Malyj biznes nuzhdaetsya v dostupnom finansirovanii: spros na kreditovanie uvelichilsya bolee chem v 6 raz, pri etom uroven' odobreniya zajmov rezko uhudshaetsya. (April 6, 2022). Official website of the project for monitoring the economy of Kazakhstan in the format of rankings. Retrieved April 24, 2022, from http:// ranking.kz/ru/a/infopovody/malyj-biznes-nuzhdaetsya-v-dostupnom-finansirovanii-spros-na-kreditovanieuvelichilsya-bolee-chem-v-6-raz-pri-etom-uroven-odobreniya-zajmov-rezko-uhudshaetsya (In Russian).
23. Ob"em investicij v Kazahstane v proshlom godu vyros na 7,3 %. (February 2, 2022). Sputnik Kazakhstan. Retrieved March 7, 2022, from https://ru.sputnik.kz/20220202/obem-investitsiy-v-kazakhstane-v-proshlomgodu-vyros-na-73-22444125.html (In Russian).
24. Ob utverzhdenii nacional'nogo proekta po razvitiyu predprinimatel'stva na 2021-2025 gody. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 12 oktyabrya 2021 goda № 728. (2021). Adіlet. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2100000728 (In Russian).
25. Lisowska, R. (2016). The Potential of Business Environment Institutions and the Support for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 4(3), 85-101, DOI: 10.15678/EBER.2016.040307.
26. Podderzhka biznesa cherez instituty razvitiya. (April 24, 2020). Kapital.kz. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https://kapital.kz/business/86555/podderzhka-biznesa-cherez-instituty-razvitiya.html (In Russian).
27. Okolo 30 % mikro- i malogo biznesa mozhet zakryt'sya iz-za rezhima CHP. (April 29, 2020). Kapital.kz. Retrieved May 14, 2022, from https://kapital.kz/business/86676/okolo-30-mikro-i-malogo-biznesa-mozhetzakryt-sya-iz-za-rezhima-chp.html (In Russian).
28. Ob utverzhdenii Pravil i srokov realizacii pilotnogo proekta po oformleniyu soprovoditel'nyh nakladnyh na tovary i ih dokumentooborot. Prikaz Ministra finansov Respubliki Kazahstan ot 16 noyabrya 2020 goda № 1104. (2020). Adіlet. Retrieved May 11, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V2000021631 (In Russian).
29. Kto podpadaet pod moratorij i osvobozhden ot uplaty nalogov na 3 goda. (2021). Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved December 13, 2021, from https://egov.kz/cms/ru/articles/tax_payment/moratorium (In Russian).
30. Ob otsrochke nalogovyh obyazatel'stv i nalogovyh l'gotah v 2020 godu. (2020). IS Paragraph. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=35240892&pos=3;-80#pos=3;-80 (In Russian).
31. MIIR RK: Programma subsidirovaniya arendy zhil'ya na kommercheskom rynke oficial'no zapushchena. (April 25, 2022). Otyrar.kz. Retrieved June 1, 2022, from https://otyrar.kz/2022/04/miir-rk-programmasubsidirovaniya-arendy-zhilya-na-kommercheskom-rynke-ofitsialno-zapushhena/ (In Russian).
32. Prezidentskij paket mer: razmer kreditnoj podderzhki uvelichen do 7 mlrd. na odnogo predprinimatelya. (April 23, 2020). Strategy2050.kz. Retrieved July 4, 2021, from https://strategy2050.kz/ru/news/prezidentskiypaket-mer-razmer-kreditnoy-podderzhki-uvelichen-do-7-mlrd-na-odnogo-predprinimatelya/ (In Russian).
33. Biznesu predostavlena otsrochka po uplate NDS na import. (May 5, 2020). Educational and information portal «Nalogi v Kazahstane». Retrieved June 26, 2021, from https://nalogikz.kz/docs/biznesu-predostavlenaotsrochka-po-up.html (In Russian).
34. Postanovlenie Pravleniya Nacional'nogo Banka Respubliki Kazahstan ot 19 marta 2020 goda № 39 «Ob utverzhdenii Programmy l'gotnogo kreditovaniya sub"ektov malogo i srednego predprinimatel'stva (s izmeneniyami po sostoyaniyu ot 27.10.2020 g.). (2020). IS Paragraph. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=33403283 (In Russian).
35. Ukaz Prezidenta Respubliki Kazahstan ot 26 dekabrya 2019 goda № 229 O vvedenii moratoriya na provedenie proverok i profilakticheskogo kontrolya, i nadzora s poseshcheniem v Respublike Kazahstan. (2019). Adіlet. Retrieved December 1, 2021, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U1900000229 (In Russian).
36. Nalogovyj moratorij dolzhen masshtabirovat' malyj biznes. (November 5, 2019). Educational and information portal «Nalogi v Kazahstane». Retrieved August 10, 2021, from https://nalogikz.kz/docs/nalogovyy-moratoriy-dolzhen-masshtabi.html (In Russian).
37. Gosudarstvennaya Programma «Cifrovoj Kazahstan» Utverzhdena postanovleniem Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 12 dekabrya 2017 goda № 827. (2017). Adіlet. Retrieved June 13, 2021, from http:// adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1700000827 (In Russain).
38. Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan ot 29 iyunya 2020 goda №352-VI «O vnesenii izmenenij i dopolnenij v nekotorye zakonodatel'nye akty Respubliki Kazahstan po voprosam uluchsheniya biznes-klimata». (2020). IS Paragraph. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=37625211&pos=1;-16#pos=1;-16 (In Russian).
39. Kakie sfery obrabatyvayushchej promyshlennosti aktivno razvivayutsya. (July 22, 2021). Forbes Kazakhstan. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://forbes.kz/process/fond_damu_vyiyavil_7_perspektivnyih_otrasley_v_obrabatyivayuschey_promyishlennosti (In Russian).
40. Kreditovanie ekonomiki za polgoda vyroslo na 7,5 %. (August 3, 2021). Kapital.kz. Retrieved October 12, 2021, from https://kapital.kz/finance/97667/kreditovaniye-ekonomiki-za-polgoda-vyroslo-na-7-5.html (In Russian).
41. Ob antikrizisnyh merah dlya biznesa rasskazal Aset Irgaliev. (August 3, 2021). Kapital.kz. Retrieved February 13, 2022, from https://kapital.kz/business/97661/ob-antikrizisnykh-merakh-dlya-biznesa-rasskazalaset-irgaliyev.html (In Russian).
42. Na programmu importozameshcheniya planiruyut napravit' 4,3 trln. tenge. (May 19, 2022). Kapital. kz. Retrieved June 3, 2022, from https://kapital.kz/economic/105380/na-programmu-importozameshcheniyaplaniruyut-napravit-4-3-trln-tenge.html (In Russian).
43. Gosudarstvenno-chastnoe partnerstvo v Kazahstane v 2015-2020 godah. (2020). Website of the JSC "Kazakhstan Center for Public-Private Partnership". Retrieved November 23, 2021, from https://kzppp.kz (In Russian).
44. V Kazahstane realizuyut 864 proekta GCHP. (February 13, 2021). Kapital.kz. Retrieved June 2, 2022, from https://kapital.kz/economic/93419/v-kazakhstane-realizuyut-864-proyekta-gchp.html (In Russian).
45. Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan ot 27 dekabrya 2021 goda №86-VII «O promyshlennoj politike». (2021). Adіlet. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z2100000086 (In Russian).
46. Ekspertno-analiticheskaya deyatel'nost' Schetnogo komiteta po kontrolyu za ispolneniem respublikanskogo byudzheta. (2020). Website of the Accounts Committee for Control over Execution of the Republican Budget. Retrieved July 15, 2021, from https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/esep (In Russian).
47. Aubakirova, G. M. and Isatayeva, F. M. (2021). New Approaches to the Construction of a Diversified Economy: The Experience of Kazakhstan. Studies on Russian Economic Development, 32(6), 712-718, DOI:10.1134/S1075700721060034.
48. Ob utverzhdenii nacional'nogo proekta «Ustojchivyj ekonomicheskij rost, napravlennyj na povyshenie blagosostoyaniya kazahstancev». Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 12 oktyabrya 2021 goda № 730. (2021). Adіlet. Retrieved February 3, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2100000730 (In Russian).
49. 600 kazahstanskih predpriyatij stanut eksporterami k 2025 godu. (August 20, 2020). Kazinform. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.inform.kz/ru/600-kazahstanskih-predpriyatiy-stanuteksporterami-k-2025-godu_a3685405 (In Russian).
50. Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan ot 30 dekabrya 2021 goda № 95-VII ZRK O vnesenii izmenenij i dopolnenij v nekotorye zakonodatel'nye akty Respubliki Kazahstan po voprosam vnedreniya novoj regulyatornoj politiki v sfere predprinimatel'skoj deyatel'nosti i pereraspredeleniya otdel'nyh funkcij organov vnutrennih del Respubliki Kazahstan. (2021). Adіlet. Retrieved February 2, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z2100000095/info (In Russian).
51. V 2021 godu mikrokreditovaniem budut ohvacheny bolee 24 tys. sub"ektov predprinimatel'stva – A. Irgaliev. (May 4, 2021). Official information resource of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved November 30, 2021). https://primeminister.kz/ru/news/v-2021-godu-mikrokreditovaniem-budutohvacheny-bolee-24-tys-subektov-predprinimatelstva-a-irgaliev-443013 (In Russian).
52. Osvobozhdenie ot KPN s 2022 goda na reinvestirovanie v novye osnovnye fondy. (June 25, 2021). Uchet. Retrieved November 25, 2021, from https://uchet.kz/news/osvobozhdenie-ot-kpn-s-2022-goda/ (In Russian).
53. Ob utverzhdenii Pravil po opredeleniyu i primeneniyu vstrechnyh obyazatel'stv pri okazanii mer gosudarstvennogo stimulirovaniya promyshlennosti. (2022). Open legal acts website. Retrieved February 3, 2022, from https://legalacts.egov.kz/npa/view?id=13982203 (In Russain).
54. Sprovociroval li koronakrizis rost tenevoj ekonomiki. (June 8, 2020). Kapital.kz. Retrieved August 10, 2021 https://kapital.kz/economic/87651/sprovotsiroval-li-koronakrizis-rost-tenevoy-ekonomiki.html (In Russian).
55. Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan ot 30 dekabrya 2021 goda № 95-VII «O vnesenii izmenenij i dopolnenij v nekotorye zakonodatel'nye akty Respubliki Kazahstan po voprosam vnedreniya novoj regulyatornoj politiki v sfere predprinimatel'skoj deyatel'nosti i pereraspredeleniya otdel'nyh funkcij organov vnutrennih del Respubliki Kazahstan (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami ot 21.05.2022 g.). (2021). IS Paragraph. Retrieved February 12, 2022, from https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=39403356 (In Russian).
56. Ob utverzhdenii Koncepcii razvitiya malogo i srednego predprinimatel'stva v Respublike Kazahstan do 2030 goda. Postanovlenie Pravitel'stva Respubliki Kazahstan ot 27 aprelya 2022 goda № 250. (2022). Adіlet. Retrieved May 25, 2022, from https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2200000250 (In Russian).
57. Illyuziya podderzhki. Vyzhivet li MSB posle karantina. (April 17, 2020). Forbes Kazakhstan. Retrieved February 17, 2021, from https://forbes.kz/life/opinion/illyuziya_podderjki_vyijivet_li_msb_posle_karantina (In Russian).
Review
For citations:
Aubakirova G.M., Isataeva F.M., Tomashinova A.E. FEATURES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE AND BUSINESS: THE EXPERIENCE OF KAZAKHSTAN. Central Asian Economic Review. 2022;(3):56-74. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2022-3-56-74