Transformation of public administration in Kazakhstan: an analysis of inclusivity and human-centeredness

Contemporary public administration reforms in Kazakhstan are oriented toward the principles of inclusiveness and human-centeredness; however, their theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation remain insufficiently studied and systematized. The research problem consists in the insufficient theoretical elaboration and systematization of the relationship between inclusiveness and human-centeredness in Kazakhstan's public administration and in the gap between the declared principles and their practical implementation. This article fills this gap by comparing the essential characteristics of the two approaches and clarifying their interaction based on the experience of Kazakhstan.

The aim of this study is to identify the interrelation between inclusive and human-centered approaches, assess their implementation in the context of Kazakhstan, and develop recommendations for their integration.

The methodological basis of the study includes qualitative analysis of secondary sources, comparative analysis of governance models, examination of Kazakhstan’s experience, and the development of the author's conceptual model.

The originality and scholarly value of the research lie in the exploration of the relationship between inclusive and human-centered approaches, their application to Kazakhstan’s governance practices, and the formulation of an original model of inclusive public administration.

The findings demonstrate that inclusive governance involves broad participation of all societal groups, while the human-centered approach focuses on prioritizing the needs of each individual citizen. These approaches are shown to be complementary. Practical examples, such as the «e-Otinish» and electronic petitions system, illustrate the potential of digitalization in implementing the principles of openness, accountability, and citizenoriented service delivery.

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