caerCentral Asian Economic ReviewCentral Asian Economic Review2789-43982789-4401Университет Нархоз10.52821/2789-4401-2026-2-72-89caer-1789Research ArticleБИЗНЕС И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯBUSINESS AND GOVERNANCE: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONSРоль образовательных платформ на основе ИИ в формировании человеческого капиталаThe role of ai-based educational platforms in human capital buildingҚасенханА. М.KassenkhanA. M.

Алматы

Almaty

БекарыстанқызыА.BekarystankyzyA.

Алматы

Almaty

АО КазНИТУКазахстанSatbayev UniversityKazakhstanУниверситет НархозКазахстанNarxoz UniversityKazakhstan202624062026027289Copyright © Қасенхан А.М., Бекарыстанқызы А., 20262026Қасенхан А.М., Бекарыстанқызы А.Kassenkhan A.M., Bekarystankyzy A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://caer.narxoz.kz/jour/article/view/1789

Цель исследования – В данной статье рассматривается взаимосвязь между образовательными платформами на основе искусственного интеллекта, экономической эффективностью и формированием человеческого капитала в контексте цифровой трансформации в образовании. Основное внимание уделяется внеклассному образованию и рассматривается, как персонализация и геймификация с использованием ИИ могут способствовать более эффективным процессам обучения и развитию когнитивных и некогнитивных навыков.

Методология – В исследовании используется исследовательский аналитический подход, основанный на теории человеческого капитала и экономике образования. Применяется концептуальная модель для оценки внеклассной учебной платформы на основе ИИ с точки зрения продуктивности обучения, масштабируемости, использования ресурсов и потенциальных результатов в области человеческого капитала. Анализ основан на интерпретации механизмов платформы в связи с выводами из последних исследований.

Оригинальность – Данная работа вносит вклад в литературу, интегрируя три перспективы, которые часто рассматриваются отдельно: образовательные платформы на основе ИИ, экономическая эффективность в образовании и развитие человеческого капитала. Она предлагает структурированную аналитическую основу для рассмотрения того, как механизмы персонализации и вовлечения могут быть интерпретированы с экономической точки зрения.

Результаты исследования – Исследование предполагает, что образовательные платформы на основе ИИ могут повысить эффективность образования, поддерживая масштабируемую доставку, снижая нагрузку на координацию и улучшая согласование учебных мероприятий с потребностями учащихся. Оно также указывает на то, что такие платформы могут способствовать формированию человеческого капитала посредством развития критического мышления, автономии, мотивации и адаптивности при внедрении в соответствующую педагогическую структуру. Однако результаты носят исследовательский характер и должны интерпретироваться как аналитические, а не как прямые эмпирические данные.

Purpose – This paper examines the relationship between AI-driven educational platforms, economic efficiency, and human capital formation in the context of digital transformation in education. It focuses on extracurricular education and considers how AI-enabled personalization and gamification may contribute to more efficient learning processes and to the development of cognitive and non-cognitive skill.

Methodology – The study adopts an exploratory analytical approach grounded in human capital theory and the economics of education. It uses a conceptual framework to assess an AI-based extracurricular learning platform in terms of learning productivity, scalability, resource utilization, and potential human capital outcomes. The analysis is based on the interpretation of platform mechanisms in relation to insights from recent literature.

Originality – The paper contributes to the literature by integrating three perspectives that are often examined separately: AI-based educational platforms, economic efficienc in education, and human capital development. It offers a structured analytical framework for considering how personalization and engagement mechanisms may be interpreted from an economic perspective.

Findings – The study suggests that AI-driven educational platforms may enhance educational efficienc by supporting scalable delivery, reducing coordination burdens, and improving the alignment of learning activities with learner needs. It also indicates that such platforms may support human capital formation through the development of critical thinking, autonomy, motivation, and adaptability when implemented within an appropriate pedagogical framework. However, the findings are exploratory and should be interpreted as analytical rather than as direct empirical evidence.

искусственный интеллектчеловеческий капиталэкономическая эффективностьцифровое образованиеперсонализированное обучениегеймификацияartificial intelligencehuman capitaleconomic efficiency digital educationpersonalized learninggamificatioДанное исследование было профинансировано Комитетом науки Министерства науки и высшего образования Республики Казахстан (грант № BR24993072).ReferencesGuo, T., Tong, Y., & Yu, Y. (2025). The influence of government health investment on economic resilience: A perspective from health human capital. International Review of Economics & Finance, 99, 104050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104050Guo, T., Tong, Y., & Yu, Y. (2025). The influence of government health investment on economic resilience: A perspective from health human capital. International Review of Economics & Finance, 99, 104050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104050Edeji, O. C. (2024). Neo-liberalism, human capital theory and the right to education: Economic interpretation of the purpose of education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ssaho.2023.100734Edeji, O. C. (2024). Neo-liberalism, human capital theory and the right to education: Economic interpretation of the purpose of education. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 9, 100734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ssaho.2023.100734MacKenzie, A., & Chiang, T.-H. (2023). The human development and capability approach: A counter theory to human capital discourse in promoting low SES students’ agency in education. International Journal of Educational Research, 117, 102121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.102121MacKenzie, A., & Chiang, T.-H. (2023). The human development and capability approach: A counter theory to human capital discourse in promoting low SES students’ agency in education. International Journal of Educational Research, 117, 102121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.102121Wang, H., Cheng, Z., & Smyth, R. (2024). Parental early-life exposure to land reform and household investment in children’s education. World Development, 173, 106391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106391Wang, H., Cheng, Z., & Smyth, R. (2024). Parental early-life exposure to land reform and household investment in children’s education. World Development, 173, 106391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106391Ripamonti, E. (2023). Cultural capital, economic capital, and participation in early childhood education: A place-based approach. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 15(2), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12635Ripamonti, E. (2023). Cultural capital, economic capital, and participation in early childhood education: A place-based approach. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 15(2), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12635Wang, D., Shen, M., & Wu, X. (2026). Socioeconomic status and inequalities in early development of non-cognitive skills: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 95, 102586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chieco.2025.102586Wang, D., Shen, M., & Wu, X. (2026). Socioeconomic status and inequalities in early development of non-cognitive skills: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 95, 102586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chieco.2025.102586Entorf, A. K., & Dohmen, T. J. (2025). The effect of compulsory education on non-cognitive skills: Evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Economics of Education Review, 107, 102654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102654Entorf, A. K., & Dohmen, T. J. (2025). The effect of compulsory education on non-cognitive skills: Evidence from low- and middle-income countries. Economics of Education Review, 107, 102654. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102654Buser, T., Ahlskog, R., Johannesson, M., Koellinger, P., & Oskarsson, S. (2024). The causal effect of genetic variants linked to cognitive and non-cognitive skills on education and labor market outcomes. Labour Economics, 90, 102544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102544Buser, T., Ahlskog, R., Johannesson, M., Koellinger, P., & Oskarsson, S. (2024). The causal effect of genetic variants linked to cognitive and non-cognitive skills on education and labor market outcomes. Labour Economics, 90, 102544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102544Kirikkaleli, D., & Kirikkaleli, N. O. (2025). AI investment in education and training and economic growth in the USA. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101777Kirikkaleli, D., & Kirikkaleli, N. O. (2025). AI investment in education and training and economic growth in the USA. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 101777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101777Drama, B. G. H., Soro, K., & Senou, M. M. (2025). Sectoral allocation of public investment: Optimizing efficienc in education and health systems in developing economies. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 102300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102300Drama, B. G. H., Soro, K., & Senou, M. M. (2025). Sectoral allocation of public investment: Optimizing efficienc in education and health systems in developing economies. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 12, 102300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102300Stenberg, A. (2022). Does formal education for adults yield long-term multiplier effects or human capital depreciation? Economics of Education Review, 90, 102306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102306Stenberg, A. (2022). Does formal education for adults yield long-term multiplier effects or human capital depreciation? Economics of Education Review, 90, 102306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2022.102306Zhi, J., Ji, M., & Ma, L. (2025). Higher education, entrepreneurial vitality, and high-quality economic development. International Review of Economics & Finance, 104850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104850Zhi, J., Ji, M., & Ma, L. (2025). Higher education, entrepreneurial vitality, and high-quality economic development. International Review of Economics & Finance, 104850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104850Boman, B. (2024). Cognitive skills and economic growth in the twenty-first century: Evidence from PISA and cognitive ability studies. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 7, 100360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100360Boman, B. (2024). Cognitive skills and economic growth in the twenty-first century: Evidence from PISA and cognitive ability studies. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 7, 100360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100360Agasisti, T., D’Ignazio, A., Iannotta, G., Romagnoli, A., & Tonello, M. (2025). Financial literacy calls the roll — The effectiveness of a financial education program in Italian schools. Economics of Education Review, 109, 102731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102731Agasisti, T., D’Ignazio, A., Iannotta, G., Romagnoli, A., & Tonello, M. (2025). Financial literacy calls the roll — The effectiveness of a financial education program in Italian schools. Economics of Education Review, 109, 102731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2025.102731Tian, J., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Does artificial intelligence help in improving human capital–based educational development? Evidence from 29 countries. Technology in Society, 83, 103004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103004Tian, J., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Does artificial intelligence help in improving human capital–based educational development? Evidence from 29 countries. Technology in Society, 83, 103004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103004Brey, B., & van der Marel, E. (2024). The role of human-capital in artificial intelligence adoption. Economics Letters, 244, 111949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111949Brey, B., & van der Marel, E. (2024). The role of human-capital in artificial intelligence adoption. Economics Letters, 244, 111949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2024.111949Llamosas García, G., & Mazas Pérez-Oleaga, C. (2025). What works in financial education? Experimental evidence on program impact. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 119, 102401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2025.102401Llamosas García, G., & Mazas Pérez-Oleaga, C. (2025). What works in financial education? Experimental evidence on program impact. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 119, 102401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2025.102401Clark, R. L., Lin, C., Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., & Sticha, A. (2025). Evaluating the effects of a lowcost, online financial education program. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 232, 106952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106952Clark, R. L., Lin, C., Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S., & Sticha, A. (2025). Evaluating the effects of a lowcost, online financial education program. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 232, 106952. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2025.106952Park, G., Kang, S., Yi, S., & Kim, J. (2026). Diverse impacts of AI investments on productivity gains: Effects of industry and innovation characteristics. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 224, 124471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124471Park, G., Kang, S., Yi, S., & Kim, J. (2026). Diverse impacts of AI investments on productivity gains: Effects of industry and innovation characteristics. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 224, 124471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124471Chigbu, B. I., & Makapela, S. L. (2025). AI in education, sustainability, and the future of work: An integrative review of industry 5.0, education 5.0, and work 5.0. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11(4), 100645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100645Chigbu, B. I., & Makapela, S. L. (2025). AI in education, sustainability, and the future of work: An integrative review of industry 5.0, education 5.0, and work 5.0. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11(4), 100645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100645Kumar, A., Baijal, A., & Kharat, M. (2025). Evaluating generative artificial intelligence adoption in management education using AI–human augmentation and expectation confirmation theory. Journal of Inter-national Education in Business, 18(4), 570–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIEB-07-2024-0086Kumar, A., Baijal, A., & Kharat, M. (2025). Evaluating generative artificial intelligence adoption in management education using AI–human augmentation and expectation confirmation theory. Journal of Inter-national Education in Business, 18(4), 570–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIEB-07-2024-0086Kholifah, N., Nurtanto, M., Sutrisno, V. L. P., Majid, N. W. A., Subakti, H., Daryono, R. W., & Achmadi, A. (2025). Unlocking workforce readiness through digital employability skills in vocational education graduates: A PLS-SEM analysis based on human capital theory. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101625Kholifah, N., Nurtanto, M., Sutrisno, V. L. P., Majid, N. W. A., Subakti, H., Daryono, R. W., & Achmadi, A. (2025). Unlocking workforce readiness through digital employability skills in vocational education graduates: A PLS-SEM analysis based on human capital theory. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, 101625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101625Drydakis, N. (2025). The formation of AI capital in higher education: Enhancing students’ academic performance and employment rates. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9, 100476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100476Drydakis, N. (2025). The formation of AI capital in higher education: Enhancing students’ academic performance and employment rates. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9, 100476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100476Avanesian, G., & Rozhkova, K. (2025). The effect of non-cognitive skills on academic performance: Does it vary by socio-economic status? International Journal of Educational Research, 133, 102680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102680Avanesian, G., & Rozhkova, K. (2025). The effect of non-cognitive skills on academic performance: Does it vary by socio-economic status? International Journal of Educational Research, 133, 102680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102680Choi, S., & Min, I. (2025). The impact of cognitive and non-cognitive skills on occupational outcomes: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Research, 133, 102669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102669Choi, S., & Min, I. (2025). The impact of cognitive and non-cognitive skills on occupational outcomes: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Research, 133, 102669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2025.102669De Paola, M., & Skatova, E. (2024). Non-cognitive skills and social isolation in late childhood: An investigation of their impact on school performance in Italy. Economics of Education Review, 103, 102581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102581De Paola, M., & Skatova, E. (2024). Non-cognitive skills and social isolation in late childhood: An investigation of their impact on school performance in Italy. Economics of Education Review, 103, 102581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2024.102581Wang, D., Xie, Z., Lian, D., Lu, Q., Li, N., Yuan, H., & Liu, Y. (2026). The integration of technology and education: An innovative research on the evaluation system of college students’ programming ability. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 59, 101989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101989Wang, D., Xie, Z., Lian, D., Lu, Q., Li, N., Yuan, H., & Liu, Y. (2026). The integration of technology and education: An innovative research on the evaluation system of college students’ programming ability. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 59, 101989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101989

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.