<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">caer</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Central Asian Economic Review</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Central Asian Economic Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2789-4398</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2789-4401</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет Нархоз</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52821/2789-4401-2025-4-133-147</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">caer-1556</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИЗНЕС И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И РЕШЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUSINESS AND GOVERNANCE: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка экологических рисков в регионах Казахстана с использованием композитного индекса: метод и применение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of environmental risks in the regions of Kazakhstan using a composite index: method and application</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2026-4321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адамбекова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adambekova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Adambekova Aynagul Amangeldinovna – PhD in Economics, Professor of the Department of Management, HSEB</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ainatas0408@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0096-5657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салимбаева</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salimbayeva</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salimbaeva Rasima Amenovna – PhD in Economics, Associate Professor</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salimbaeva.rasima@narxoz.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-9716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рандхир</surname><given-names>Т. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Randhir</surname><given-names>T. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амхерст</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timothy O. Randhir – PhD, Full Professor, Department of Environmental Conservation</p><p>Amherst</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">randhir@umass.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">КазНУ им аль-Фараби<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Нархоз<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Narxoz University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Массачусетс<country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Massachusetts<country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Адамбекова А.А., Салимбаева Р.А., Рандхир Т.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Адамбекова А.А., Салимбаева Р.А., Рандхир Т.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Adambekova A.A., Salimbayeva R.A., Randhir T.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://caer.narxoz.kz/jour/article/view/1556">https://caer.narxoz.kz/jour/article/view/1556</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Разработать методику оценки экологических рисков и провести ее апробацию на основе данных по загрязнениям окружающей среды в разрезе регионов Казахстана.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. Работа построена на использовании анализа и дедукции, позволивших увязать результаты литературного обзора передовых исследований и решения поставленных в статье задач; контент анализа, послужившего основой для обоснования разработанной методики оценки интегрированно-взвешенного экологического риска посредством композитного индексирования; экономико-математические методы исследования (включая Морана I, матрицы пространственных весов), а также визуализация результатов исследования посредством построения таблиц и схем.</p><p>Уникальность исследования заключается в том, что, как правило, оценка экологических рисков расценивается на основе общестрановых показателей загрязнений и их влияния на региональную экологическую ситуацию, в то время как предложенная методика учитывает влияние особенностей природно-климатического расположения того или иного региона и воздействие загрязнений из соседних областей. Полученные в результате сбора и анализа данных по уровню выбросов и отходов на примере четырех крупнейших областей Казахстана, позволило рассчитать и сравнить между собой уровни экологического риска. Расчеты региональных экологических рисков осуществлялись по данным на конец 2024г. Исследование показало, что в Карагандинской (1,26) и ЗКО (1,78) на данный период сложился высокий экологический риск, особенно за счет вклада индекса коммунальных отходов. В то время как по ВКО индекс на уровне - 0,0142 признан достаточно низким, а по Кызылординской области - ближе к границе между умеренным и повышенным экологическим риском (0,198).</p><p>В ходе исследования выявлена значимость оперативной доступности к экологическим данным при принятии управленческих решений региональными органами управления. Это также указало на необходимость расширения и продолжения данного исследования с точки зрения формирования региональной базы экоданных. Расчет экологических рисков способствует уточнению мер по экологическому менеджменту регионов, в частности корректировке решений с учетом веса того или иного индекса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing environmental risks and to test it using data on pollution across different regions of Kazakhstan.</p><p>Methodology. The study uses a literature review and deductive reasoning to find solutions to environmental pollution. Content analysis helps develop an integrated, weighted environmental risk through composite indexing. Economic and mathematical methods (including Moran’s I, spatial weights matrices), along with visualization techniques, are used to present the research results.</p><p>The uniqueness of this study lies in its focus on the influence of natural and climate features of a specific region, along with pollution from neighboring areas, rather than relying solely on national pollution indicators and their effects on the regional environment. Data collected and analyzed on emissions and waste in Kazakhstan's four largest regions allowed for the calculation and comparison of environmental risk levels. Regional environmental risk assessments were based on data of the end of 2024. The study revealed that Karaganda (1.26) and West Kazakhstan (1.78) regions experienced high environmental risk during this period, particularly due to the municipal waste index. Meanwhile, in East Kazakhstan, the index, at -0.0142, was considered quite low, and in Kyzylorda, it was closer to the boundary between moderate and high environmental risk (0.198).</p><p>The study highlights the importance of quick access to environmental data for guiding management decisions by regional governments. It also stresses the need to expand and sustain this research by developing a regional environmental database. Calculation of environmental risks helps to clarify measures for environmental management in regions adjusting decisions considering the weight of a particular index.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экологические риски</kwd><kwd>региональное управление</kwd><kwd>ESG -решения</kwd><kwd>выбросы загрязняющих веществ</kwd><kwd>отходы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>environmental risks</kwd><kwd>regional governance</kwd><kwd>ESG solutions</kwd><kwd>pollutant emissions</kwd><kwd>waste</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках проекта грантового финансирования Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан на 2023–2025 годы № AR19678012 «Триединая концепция устойчивого развития (ESG): интересы бизнеса в контексте сбалансированного регионального развития».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was implemented within the framework of the Grant funding project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2023-2025 AR19678012- The Triune Concept of Sustainable Development (ESG): business interests in the context of balanced regional development.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wen L., Salmond J., Allen K., Tadaki M. Managing emerging environmental risks when we do not know enough about them: The case of respirable mineral dust // Environmental Science and Policy. – 2024. – Vol. 155. – P. 103715. – DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103715.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wen L., Salmond J., Allen K. &amp; Tadaki M. (2024). “Managing emerging environmental risks when we do not know enough about them: The case of respirable mineral dust”. Environmental Science and Policy, 155 (2024) 103715, DOI:10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103715</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feduzi A., Runde J. Uncovering unknown unknowns: towards a baconian approach to management decision-making // Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. – 2014. – Vol. 124, No. 2. – P. 268–283. – DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.04.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feduzi A. &amp; Runde J. (2014). “Uncovering unknown unknowns: towards a baconian approach to management decision-making”. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 124 (2), 268–283 DOI:10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.04.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brocal F., Paltrinieri N., González-Gaya C., Sebastián M.A., Reniers G. Approach to the selection of strategies for emerging risk management considering uncertainty as the main decision variable in occupational contexts // Safety Science. – 2021. – Vol. 134. – P. 105041. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brocal F., Paltrinieri N., Gonz´ alez-Gaya C., Sebasti´ an M.A. &amp; Reniers, G. (2021). “Approach to the selection of strategies for emerging risk management considering uncertainty as the main decision variable in occupational contexts”. Safety Science. 134, 105041, DOI:10.1016/j.ssci.2020.105041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brocal F., González C., Komljenovic D., Katina P.F., Sebastián M.A. Emerging risk management in industry 4.0: An approach to improve organizational and human performance in the complex systems // Complexity. – 2019. – P. 2089763. – DOI: 10.1155/2019/2089763.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brocal F., Gonz´ alez C., Komljenovic D., Katina P.F. &amp; Sebasti´ an, M.A. (2019). “Emerging risk management in industry 4.0: An approach to improve organizational and human performance in the complex systems”. Complexity, 2089763, 13 p, DOI:10.1155/2019/2089763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brocal F., Sebastián M.A., González C. Theoretical framework for the new and emerging occupational risk modeling and its monitoring through technology lifecycle of industrial processes // Safety Science. – 2017. – Vol. 99. – P. 178–186. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.10.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brocal F., Sebasti´an, M.A. &amp; Gonz´alez C. (2017). “Theoretical framework for the new and emerging occupational risk modeling and its monitoring through technology lifecycle of industrial processes”. Safety Science.. 99, 178–186. DOI:10.1016/j.ssci.2016.10.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lazar E., Pan J., Wang Sh. Measuring climate-related and environmental risks for equities // Journal of Environmental Management. – 2025. – Vol. 373. – P. 123393. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazar E., Pan J. &amp; Wang Sh. (2025). “Measuring climate-related and environmental risks for equities”. Journal of Environmental Management. 373,123393 DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123393</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shokravi F., Sheikhzeinoddin A., Fathi F., Ardali F. Evaluating the environmental performance index and economic, financial, and political risks impacts in top oil-exporting and importing countries // Environmental and Sustainability Indicators. – 2025. – Vol. 26. – P. 100690. – DOI: 10.1016/j.indic.2025.100690.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shokravi F., Sheikhzeinoddin A., Fathi F. &amp; Ardali F. (2025). “Evaluating the environmental performance index and economic, financial, and political risks impacts in top oil-exporting and importing countries”. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators. 26,100690, DOI: 10.1016/j.indic.2025.100690</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamada H. Moran’s I for Multivariate Spatial Data // Mathematics. – 2024. – Vol. 12, No. 17. – P. 2746. – DOI: 10.3390/math12172746.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamada H. Moran’s I for Multivariate Spatial Data. (2024). Mathematics. 12(17), 2746; https://doi.org/10.3390/math12172746</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y. An analytical process of spatial autocorrelation functions based on Moran’s index // PLOS ONE. – 2021. – April 14. – DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249589.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y. 2021An analytical process of spatial autocorrelation functions based on Moran’s index. Plos. April 14, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249589</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López M. J., Cuadrado J. J. Aplicación del estándar UNE 150008 en la evaluación del riesgo ambiental: Un enfoque práctico // Revista de Medio Ambiente. – 2009. – Vol. 84, No. 3. – P. 45–53. – URL: https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">López M. J. &amp; Cuadrado J. J. (2009). “Aplicación del estándar UNE 150008 en la evaluación del riesgo ambiental: Un enfoque práctico”. Revista de Medio Ambiente, 84(3), 45–53. https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UN. About the United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP’s contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). – URL: https://www.unep.org/who-we-are/about-us</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UN. About the United Nations Environment Programme. UNEP’s contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) https://www.unep.org/who-we-are/about-us</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNEP. Global environment outlook – GEO-6: Healthy planet, healthy people. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. – DOI: 10.1017/9781108627146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNEP. (2019). Global environment outlook – GEO-6: Healthy planet, healthy people. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108627146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">OECD. Preventing environmental damage from products: Risk-based approaches. – Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2015. – URL: https://www.oecd.org/environment/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">OECD. (2015). Preventing environmental damage from products: Risk-based approaches. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/environment/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ISO. ISO 31010:2019 Risk management – Risk assessment techniques. – Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ISO. (2018). ISO 31010:2019 Risk management – Risk assessment techniques. International Organization for Standardization.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. – 2023. – URL: https://stat.gov.kz/ru/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2023 https://stat.gov.kz/ru/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rebitzer G., Bux T. Practical implementation of ISO 14001 in industry – Risk-based thinking and performance evaluation // Journal of Cleaner Production. – 2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">G. Rebitzer, T. Bux, “Practical implementation of ISO 14001 in industry – Risk-based thinking and performance evaluation,” Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
